Category: Medical

The continuous development of science and technology in Fusu has provided a broader space for people to develop their imagination. Some of these ideas have become reality with the support of scientific theory and practice, including 3D bio-printing technology. In the future, it is expected to provide more guarantee for human organ transplantation.

Developing 'nootropics' that could boost human Intelligence

On this basis, some suggest that we might be able to create a nootropics that would help humans develop their intelligence as much as possible, thereby boosting overall development. However, there is also a view that such a drug, even if produced, would be an "intelligence tax" and would not be able to radically change people's physiology, especially their intelligence.

In fact, in many science fiction works, drugs of wisdom, regret and so on can exist, and can promote the development of some plots. But it's hard for them to come true. On the one hand, human technology is not up to it. On the other hand, our society doesn't allow such drugs to exist.

Nootropics are supposed to enhance learning by improving attention and memory, in addition to intelligence.

Throughout our long evolutionary history, we have been able to do everything we can to get closer to the goals we set for ourselves, and our habits have often accumulated over time to help us achieve qualitative change, so the idea is that nootropics are entirely possible.

The human body cannot withstand intelligence imposed from outside

However, other studies have shown that human development requires us to follow a gradual path, that "evolution" by external forces is not natural, and that humans will inevitably be punished for it.

As it is said, technology is a double-edged sword, nootropics bring more impact than people think. For example, in the movie Superbody, the injection of special drugs enables the protagonist to acquire superpowers. She can not only change the physical form at will, but also understand the past of human beings, and has the skills equivalent to four-dimensional creatures.

In the real world, the emergence of nootropics will make more and more people fall into the fierce competition, because the drug support means greater opportunities for development, so the society will become extremely chaotic, and the conflict will deepen at the same time, and the human race may be pushed to extinction.

Nootropics could doom the human race

According to scientists, our brain is like a complex computer that integrates resources to help us do other activities better, and nootropics are like "plugins" that not only speed up the processing of information, but also consume more resources. This means that our bodies may not be able to withstand a lot of stress and eventually collapse.

At present, there are some nootropics drugs in the world, but they are not so advanced. They can only improve the working efficiency of the brain and some organs for a short time, although there are no serious side effects, and they are not widely used.

Today, nootropics are still regarded as stimulants by many people, and natural development is still the principle followed by many people, especially in the recent controversy over gene editing technology, and people even reject the practice of changing the ethical order with the help of advanced technology.

As a result, real nootropics will not only be hard to come by, but will also pose a new challenge to humanity, if not an IQ tax.

German Skin aging Biotechnology Laboratory research found that Solidago Virgaurea subSP extract from Canadian Solidago Virgaurea (hereinafter referred to as SVS) can go deep into the skin to poison pro-aging cells, block the vicious cycle of inducing skin aging, restore skin vitality, and achieve the effect of pit aging. The findings are published in the Cooperative Nature Journal.

Canadian goldenrod

Introduction to the

Solidago virgaurea, traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory herb. The compounds isolated have been reported to have cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and diuretic activities. However, SVS has not been previously studied in cell senescence.

Prospective studies on the root causes of senescence have shown that senescent cells accumulate in the body with aging, and their secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines induce chronic and persistent aging of surrounding tissues, and fall into a vicious cycle.

The organ in which senescent cells are most commonly found is the skin, where the dermis contains 20-60% senescent fibroblasts. They produce ECM and growth factors that have a lasting effect on the epidermis.

This has led to the hypothesis that human skin aging may involve a process in which the dermis continuously releases signals inducing epidermal aging. That is, the new cells lose their unique structure and function after induction and turn into useless cells, and are further induced to change into senescent cells, this process is called transdifferentiation to redifferentiation transition (PRT).

This study confirmed and reported that solidago officinarum extract can block the persistent negative effects of senescence in human dermal cells, including SASP and PRT, in vitro.

Studies have shown that long-term treatment with SVS delayed senescence and PRT of human dermal cells

To identify plant extracts that affect PRT activity, seven different plant extracts were screened, with the selection criteria focusing on the ability to induce cellular characteristics of papillary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and reduce SA-β -galactosidase activity.

SVS showed the most significant effect in changing cell morphology and reducing SA-β -galactosidase activity, and was selected for further study.

To investigate the effects of long-term exposure to SVS, HDF was cultured from population multiplication in the presence of SVS.

Cells in the SVS group maintained healthy cell numbers for up to 160 days, compared with just 95 days in the control group.

"SVS has no effect on normal cell growth and metabolic cycle, but preserves the youthful morphology of cells," the researchers found.

Therefore, the laboratory concluded that :(I) consistent with the results of previous studies, SVS have the ability to delay senescence, PRT reproductively induces cell senescence, resulting in a reticular state of senescent fibroblasts, and (ii) PRT senescence is delayed by SVS treatment.

SVS reduced the appearance of senescence but did not affect the healthy cell growth cycle

To investigate the effect of SVS on already senescent cells, HDF was treated with SVS after SIPS was induced with chronic oxidative stress and compared with fused stationary cells.

The number of SA-β -Gal positive SIPS cells had been significantly reduced after 4 and 11 days of treatment, suggesting that SVS did also affect cells that were completely senescent before treatment, without affecting the growth cycle of healthy cells.

SVS showed high anti-aging activity

To evaluate the anti-aging ability of SVS, SIPS and quiescent HDF were cultured with SVS for 39 days.

Treatment with SVS resulted in a significant 30% reduction in the number of senescent cells, while the number of stationary cells was not significantly affected.

Short-term treatment with high dose suggested that the senescence principle of SVS is based on the induction of senescent cells apoptosis.

conclusion

SVS of solidago officinalis extract not only delayed the appearance of aging, but also did not affect the function of healthy cell cycle metabolism. SVS freezes the genes of senescent cells and reduces the secretion of various pro-senescence factors. Thus, the vicious cycle of rapid aging of new cells is improved."

According to the team, the extract has been used in beauty and skin care, but only a small amount is available to skin management centers due to the difficulty of extracting and growing the extract. The team adds that intervention can only be done wisely if we understand the true causes of aging.

Many people have had the painful experience of oral ulcers. The squamous cell that is "causing trouble" in the oral cavity is a malignant tumor, which is the most malignant and most harmful tumor of the head and neck. The occurrence of cases accounts for about 50% of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral squamous cell carcinoma can cause loss of oral function. When it develops further, it can also cause malodor or distant metastasis, and it can also cause local ulceration, affect the quality of life, and ultimately endanger the life of the patient.

In recent years, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is high. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are currently commonly used treatment methods. At present, traditional surgical treatment accompanied by chemotherapy is the main treatment method. In addition to the risks of surgery, it often causes greater damage to the patient's salivary glands, leading to dry mouth, speech disorders, and eating disorders.

In response to this problem, a research team from Shanxi Medical University has developed a more bio-friendly treatment plan and released the research results under the title "Graphene oxide loaded with tumor-targeted peptide and anti-cancer drugs for cancer target therapy" In "Nature".

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a high incidence area of ​​oral squamous cell carcinoma in recent years. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are currently commonly used treatment methods. At present, traditional surgical treatment supplemented with chemotherapy is the main treatment method. Clinical chemotherapeutic drugs generally have a low cell uptake rate and have certain toxic and side effects on normal cells, which severely limits their clinical application. Nano drug delivery systems have attracted the attention of many researchers. Graphene oxide has several outstanding features in this respect, including large specific surface area, high drug loading rate, pH response and EPR effect. Therefore, they are suitable for integration into a series of delivery systems for cancer treatment.

The surface and edges of graphene oxide are rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, which is conducive to surface functionalization. In order to improve its stability and biocompatibility in aqueous solutions, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is often used for functional treatment. It is an excellent biological material that can be used in biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery, while reducing its non-specific absorption of biomolecules and cells.

In this study, researchers from Shanxi Medical University synthesized an NGO-PEG nanocarrier and tested its cytotoxic effects on CAL-27, SCC-25 and human normal oral keratinocytes (HOK). Based on previous research, antibodies, peptides, aptamers, etc. are often used as targets for surface modification of nano-scale graphene oxide. HN-1 peptide (TSPLNIHNGQKL) is a 12 amino acid peptide recently isolated from a phage display library. According to reports, this small peptide is specific to OSCC cells and can penetrate tumor tissues. Because DOX@NGO-PEG lacks tumor targeting activity and poor internalization of tumor cells, the efficacy of drug delivery is limited. For the first time, we introduced HN-1 into the drug delivery system. Our research shows that DOX@NGO-PEG-HN-1 has tumor-targeting and PH-responsive drug release properties.

In short, Shanxi Medical University has successfully produced a PH-sensitive cancer combined treatment system DOX@NGO-PEG-HN-1. To achieve DOX@NGO-PEG-HN-1 in tumor tissues, due to the hydrogen bond interaction between graphene oxide and DOX and the weakened π-π conjugation, DOX can be quickly released from the system. The experimental results of cytotoxicity prove that DOX@NGO-PEG-HN-1 can be simply absorbed by tumor cells and exhibit a synergistic effect. This drug-carrying system has great application potential in the treatment of tumors.

answer
Saba is the first choice for acute attack of asthma, but not SAMA.
(Note: the following drugs refer to inhaled preparations)
analysis
β There are many kinds of 2-receptor agonists, which can be divided into short-term (maintenance time 4-6 h), long-term (maintenance time 10-12 h, suitable for bid) and super long-term (maintenance time 24 h, suitable for QD).
Long term effect β 2 receptor agonists (Laba) can also be divided into fast acting Laba (such as formoterol, indarterol, vilanterol and odaterol) and slow acting Laba (such as salmeterol).
Short acting anticholinergic drug (SAMA) is the most commonly used ipratropium bromide, lasting for 6-8 hours, while long acting anticholinergic drug (Lama) is more commonly used tiotropium bromide, lasting for 24 hours, so it is QD.
Short acting β 2 receptor agonist (Saba) can rapidly relieve bronchospasm, usually within a few minutes, and the curative effect can last for several hours. It is the first choice and the most effective drug to relieve the acute symptoms of asthma [1].
Saba salbutamol, the most commonly used, takes effect 3-5 minutes after inhalation and lasts for 4-6 hours; However, the pulmonary function was significantly improved 15 min after inhalation of ipratropium bromide (SAMA), and reached the peak 1-2 h later, with a maintenance time of 6-8 hours, so the onset of SAMA was slow.
So how slow does SAMA work? Finally, I found the answer
Basic guidelines for routine pulmonary function examination in 2018 [2]:
If Saba such as salbutamol was inhaled, the ventilation function test should be repeated 15-30 minutes after inhalation;
If the patients were treated with salbutamol (SAMA), the examination should be repeated 30-60 min after inhalation.
It also shows that the effect of SAMA is slow and weak.
How to use Saba and SAMA?
The overall treatment goal of acute asthma attack is to relieve symptoms, relieve bronchospasm, improve hypoxia, restore lung function, prevent further deterioration or recurrence, and prevent complications.
The bronchodilation effect of SAMA is relatively weak. In acute attack, it is not suitable to use it alone, but should be combined with Saba, and the bronchodilation effect is better. The management process of acute asthma attack can be seen in Figure 1.
Specific usage of Saba and SAMA:
Mild to moderate acute attack: 4-10 sprays in the first hour and 20 minutes can effectively reverse airflow limitation (A-level evidence) [3], then according to the treatment response, mild acute attack is adjusted to 2-4 sprays in the third to fourth hour, and moderate acute attack is adjusted to 6-10 sprays in the first to second hour. The response to the initial inhalation of Saba was good, dyspnea was significantly relieved, PEF accounted for more than 60% - 80% of the expected value, and the curative effect was maintained for 3-4 hours, so other drugs were usually not needed. Saba and SAMA aerosol solution can also be inhaled once every 4-6 hours.
Moderate to severe acute attack: self-treatment should be carried out according to the above plan, and the patients should go to the hospital as soon as possible. After arriving at the hospital, Saba is the first choice. In the initial stage, intermittent (every 20 minutes) or continuous atomization administration is recommended, followed by intermittent administration as needed (once every 4 hours). Saba combined with SAMA aerosol solution inhalation can be used for patients with moderate to severe asthma acute attack or poor effect after Saba treatment [1].
summary
The overall treatment goal of acute asthma attack is to relieve symptoms, relieve bronchospasm, improve hypoxia, restore lung function, prevent further deterioration or recurrence, and prevent complications;
Saba is the first choice for acute attack of asthma;
The bronchodilation effect of SAMA is weak and the onset is slow. Patients with poor effect after Saba treatment can be treated with Saba combined with SAMA aerosol solution inhalation.

Female estrogen deficiency, rough skin, waist like a bucket, drink this "soup", young and beautiful! What do women fear most? I believe the answer of many people is to be afraid of fat and bad skin. Everyone has a love for beauty. Especially for female friends, beauty is a lifelong task. Every woman wants to be beautiful. But everyone will get older with the passage of time, especially when female friends are 40 years old, they will have wrinkles and spots on their faces, and the weight on their waists will gradually increase. No matter what they don't ask all the year round, their skin will become very rough, and their waists will gradually turn into bucket waists. In fact, this situation is due to the lack of estrogen in women's body. Estrogen is a very important substance for women. If the body lacks estrogen, there will be symptoms of rough skin, fat accumulation, endocrine imbalance, backache, osteoporosis, accelerated aging and poor mental state, If the female friend body appears such symptom, must take seriously, must not neglect.
There are many young partners who rely on drugs to supplement estrogen. In fact, this is a serious mistake, because drugs all have side effects, and long-term consumption will do no harm to the body. Little monkey suggests that we use the method of dietary supplement to supplement estrogen. He says that little monkey shares a food for everyone. It is a natural "estrogen", which is pumpkin, Pumpkin is rich in vitamin E, which has strong antioxidant activity. It can effectively remove free radicals in the body, whiten spots and delay aging. At the same time, vitamin E can also act on the pituitary gland and ovary to effectively control the secretion of estrogen. If you feel irritable recently, in addition, you have physiological disorder and menstrual disorder, You can eat more pumpkins; Today, the little monkey teaches us a quick way to Kwai pumpkin, and makes pumpkin soup. Every day, a bowl of women can make the skin white and the waist is thinner. At 40, it is not old. It often drinks the soup, which is young and beautiful. Ingredients: 500g pumpkin, 200g pure milk, 50g cream, and proper amount of water. Methods: 1. Remove the skin of the pumpkin with a tool, remove the flesh with a knife, and then cut the pumpkin into pieces with a knife.

2. Put the cut pumpkin pieces into the container, prepare a skillet, steam the pumpkin pieces for about 20 minutes, then put the steamed pumpkin in the cooking machine, add the right amount of milk and beat it into mud.
3. Prepare a pot, put the beaten pumpkin puree into the pot, add 50g light cream, stir evenly, open fire and start heating, heat for 3 minutes, then take out the pot to eat, don't boil the pot, heat slightly, and then use straw to slowly dot the prepared cream on the top. It's delicious and nutritious. It's very suitable for female partners to eat.
   Tips: you can add less milk if you like thicker taste, and more milk if you like thinner taste; It is suggested that you use original milk instead of fruit milk. Fruit milk will destroy the flavor of pumpkin.