Category: hormone

In the current global pandemic, research on the treatment of COVID-19 is ongoing. The therapeutic potential of Vasoactive Peptides has been studied by a team of researchers in Tehran, Iran, and published in Archives of Medical Research, "Vasoactive Peptides: Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Potential Use as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. The study concluded that assessment of vasoactive peptides should be considered as a routine part of COVID-19 patient monitoring and that they can be used as potential therapeutic targets for disease management.

Current clinical features of COVID-19 range from asymptomatic status to severe acute respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction. Common clinical symptoms include fever, dry cough, loss of smell, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, and myalgia. In addition, several patients with COVID-19 reported multiple organ dysfunction, such as cardiovascular complications, renal failure, gastrointestinal symptoms, hematological symptoms, and neurological manifestations.

Given the urgent need to explore specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers for emerging COVID-19, a research team in Tehran, Iran, discussed the potential of vasoactive peptides, Angiotensin II(Ang II), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), natriuretic peptide, substance P (SP), and bradykinin (BK) are included as therapeutic targets and/or prognostic indicators for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vasoactive peptides in COVID-19

Angiotensin II (Ang II), an octapeptide, is a major effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It plays a crucial role in homeostasis, blood pressure control, and heart and blood vessel function.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a kind of 28 amino acid peptide, has extensive physiological functions, including effective bronchiectasis and vasodilation function, enhance the circulation of the blood of the heart and lungs, effective anti-inflammatory effects, regulating the airway epithelial secretion, on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, regulate the inhibition of cell growth and survival

Endotherin (ET) contains four peptides of 21 amino acids with different structures, including ET-1, ET-2, ET-3, and ET-4. Mature ET-1 is thought to be an endothelium-derived contraction factor, produced by ET-1, a precursor of the endothelin invertase family and other enzymes. ET-1 exerts its function through two G protein-coupled receptors, homotype ETA and ETB, which have the same affinity. It is widely believed that ET-1 is one of the most effective vasopressor drugs known in the whole human cardiovascular system, which can exert a strong vasopressor effect on a variety of blood vessels.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an effective vasodilator, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory peptide, mainly located in the peripheral and central sensory nervous system. CGRP is a therapeutic target for migraine because of its supposed function as a mediator of trigeminal vascular pain transmission and as a vasodilator of neurogenic inflammation.

As a group of circulating peptide hormones, natriuretic peptides are key regulators of cardiac and renal homeostasis and a variety of metabolic processes. Up to now, there have been eight kinds of natriuretic peptides, including ANP, BNP, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), dendrobium natriuretic peptide (DNP), urodilatin, uroguanosin, osteocrine and myosin. These peptides are primarily released by the heart and are known as cardiac hormones. Their plasma levels have long been used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Substant P (SP) is a neuropeptide composed of 11 amino acid residues, belonging to the tachykinin neuropeptide family. The biological effects of SP are mediated by its receptor neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK-1R), which consists of seven transmembrane domains, GPCR. Although SP is widely distributed in the nervous system as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in pain perception, SP is involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune response, hematopoiesis, vasodilation, chemotaxis, cell survival and proliferation through interaction with NK1R, and plays a role in respiration, gastrointestinal tract and other mechanisms.

The kallikinase - kallikin system (KKS) is involved in blood pressure regulation, inflammatory response, pain, blood clotting, and cell proliferation. Kinin is induced by the release of vasodilators including peptides prostaglatin E2 and prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) to increase vascular permeability and arterial dilation in vascular beds such as skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and intestine. Kinin action is mediated by two distinct G-protein-coupled receptors called bradykinin receptors B1 and B2.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging and rapidly evolving epidemic with an unprecedented timetable to develop effective drugs to control the disease. Currently, extensive experimental and clinical studies are underway to investigate the therapeutic and biomarker potential of vasoactive peptides in the treatment of COVID-19 complications, particularly ARDS and cardiovascular comorbidities, which remain to be proven. Most changes in these peptides are associated with the presence of the disease and a more severe prognosis. Thus, the use of vasoactive peptides as a marker or therapeutic target may help to understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and modulate the immune response after infection to limit coronavirus-associated complications and mortality.

How tall will the child grow in the future?

If you are not tall, are you destined to only get "genetic height", or can you turn things around through intervention?

Can a bone age test provide early access to a medical protocol that can help the child's height?

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I'm sure every parent has a long list of questions about their child's height.
Xiao Mei recommends this height collection for everyone.
Because of her small size, the author pays special attention to the height of her two children. Recently, she interviewed a specialist in short stature at the First Zhejiang Hospital.
The questions about height, including whether to use genotropin growth hormone to boost a child's height, are well understood through 14 questions that parents care about most.

Because it's so useful, I have to share it with you. The message from this article is clear: if your baby is undersized and showing signs of early development before the age of 10, take him to a professional doctor as soon as possible, and intervene as soon as possible.

The article is relatively long, and the dry academic content has been bypassed. It is practical and easy to understand. First, give the key points, and then we will read slowly:

1. Babies tend to be short before they develop, so is it difficult for them to leap up the day after tomorrow?

2 parents are not tall, baby is shorter than the same age, can play growth hormone?

3. The child's height development is normal, but the parents of the child's height expectation is relatively high, can you play?
4. At what age is it safer to get involved?
   Is there a big difference between early intervention and late intervention?
5. What kinds of growth hormones are available in the market and how much do they cost?

…

The heat has been very high "youth with you 2" finally ended last week, in addition to the full screen of long legs envy, for the photo in The height of CAI Xukun is also let me very sigh, standing in the first row, and the second row of girls shoulder to shoulder, grow tall really have advantages ah ↓

Look at the face of the society, the appearance of the image, height is really in the employment, the choice of a spouse in the direct impact.

The height of 182 of the world elder sister Zhang Zi Lin, 3 years old daughter height has reached the waist of the mother, height advantage breakthrough sky

The long legs of lu Yi's family are so good that they are in a coma

People Shared on Zhihu: 1.9m tall, interview a professional question was not asked, easily into the central enterprise ↓

Some netizens said his experience: because the height condition is good, in the unit all the more attention, exercise opportunities, the growth rate is fast ↓

And having been a Hobbit for forty years, I am particularly struck by the question of stature.
Because of occupation, height has a great influence on career development.
When I just entered this industry, there were so many opportunities and platforms. If I could grow another 10 cm, I believe now I am far more than a news producer and announcer.

Female anchors took photos, a group of 170-height goddess in order to take care of me, can only such a body to take photos ↓

Nature is not good, the day after tomorrow to make up, for the two children's genetic height, I have been very worried.
My brother later predicted 172, and when they grow up, it's hard to say whether they will be in the same situation as Me.
I've been debating whether to give him growth hormone or not

Want to use medical intervention, with the topic of growth hormone, in our group attention has been very high, from time to time will be discussed by everyone, not tall old mother in order to the child's genetic height simply worried heart, ↓

Like many parents, we have been "loving and worried" about growth hormones.
Faced with two completely different voices, do you have as many question marks as I do?

Last week, I had an exclusive interview with Wang Chunlin, an expert in pediatric dwarfism and endocrinology and chief pediatrician in Zhejiang I Hospital.

Chun-lin wang

Doctor of Medicine, chief physician, postgraduate supervisor, director of pediatrics, the first Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, director of neonatology, graduated from Zhejiang University.
He has been engaged in clinical, scientific research and teaching of pediatric internal medicine diseases for more than 20 years, mainly engaged in genetic and clinical research of endocrine diseases such as short stature, growth hormone deficiency, obesity, etc.

On the same day of the interview, Director Wang Chunlin happened to be a guest on the live program of "Chinese Children's Growth, Development and Health Communication Action" hosted by People's Daily, answering parents' questions about their children's height and development.
After watching the whole live broadcast in person, I consulted Director Wang exclusively on some issues of special concern to parents in the circle of mothers.

A word of caution: today's tweets are a bit long, but they're practical, easy to read and full of good stuff!
In an effort to steer clear of dry academic content, Riyo compiled the article to address parents' primary concerns.
Director Wang answered the following questions in detail:

1 parents are not tall, baby is shorter than the same age, can play growth hormone?

2 baby height development is normal, but parents to child height expectation is higher, whether can you fight?

3 How many years old intervene to compare insurance?
Is there a big difference between early intervention and late intervention?

4. Which growth hormone can be selected in the market at present, and how much is the cost?

Does taking growth hormone increase the risk of fracture in adulthood?

7. How to balance the risks and benefits brought by drugs?

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Growth hormone - "effects" and "risks.

Growth hormone as a cure for short stature and other problems, its magic "special effect", and behind the "risk" has been the root cause of parents struggle.

Lionel Messi, the famous Argentine star, is a typical beneficiary.
He started taking growth hormone injections at the age of 12 and grew from 1.4 to about 1.7.

He said his parents gave him the injection at first, but after he learned to do it himself, he always gave it to himself.
He said with a smile that the injection was similar to a pen stick, with a small needle and no pain.

The pen-like syringe is common in China and is commonly used to inject insulin and growth hormone.

Others said they had grown 19cm from 147 to 166 after being injected with growth hormone, the most money their parents had ever spent.

But not everyone who gets growth hormone can achieve such ideal effect, some children, after using the drug, only grew 3cm long

The boy is 15 years old. His father is 180cm and his mother is 165cm. However, the 15-year-old is only 160cm.

Bone age tablets showed that the epiphyseal line of Xiao Wu was now semi-closed, and even with growth hormone treatment, her height would not increase more than 5cm at most.
The parents wanted to make a final effort: "Try doctor, how much taller you can be, is better than nothing!"

In this way, after half a year of medication, Xiao Wu's height only increased by 3cm. The bone age film taken last month showed that the bone scale line had been completely closed, and the lifetime height was fixed at 163cm.

Not that the effect varies from person to person is the key, parents are the biggest worry, tall, but with other adverse reactions to trade ↓

In the face of two completely different voices, how should parents scientifically understand growth hormone and make the judgment that suits their baby?
The following part of director Wang Chunlin's exclusive interview may help you.

Increased growth hormone, suitable for your family?

1. What evaluations does the doctor perform?
   What is the basis for intervention and medication?

There are so many things to assess, bone age, annual growth rate, pituitary space-occupying lesion, blood routine, blood sugar, liver and kidney function, thyroid function, drug stimulation…
All need comprehensive evaluation!

Growth hormone drugs to stimulate, in particular, is made of the need to be hospitalized, it will be altogether five times, see the highest in the secretion of growth hormone (because of the growth hormone secretion, a pulse type high will be low, the secretion of day is lower, normal is not to come out of, only after excitation with medicine, can see that it maximum secretion).

If the peak is more than 10, the child's growth hormone secretion is normal;
A peak of less than 10 indicates a deficiency of growth hormone, which requires intervention and supplementation.

2. Is it true that it doesn't matter if you're shorter when you're a child, you'll pop up when you hit puberty?

Unfortunately, if a child is consistently short until he or she develops, the 'leap up' becomes more difficult.

But there are exceptions.
For example, Director Wang told me, small when short, but later development late, to high school, even the university is still growing, this kind of situation belongs to the delay of physical puberty in medicine.

The most obvious characteristic is shorter than their peers, but not particularly short, just caught in the lowest standard, reached the level of p3, such children often his development has always been along the p3 in this line, at the same time every year a 5 cm long, keep in the growth rate of the lower limit (the standard rate in 5 ~ 7 cm/year), their age of puberty, he didn't also development, it belongs to the later development.

I intercepted this director Wang said P3 line, everyone reference ↓

In addition, director Wang also mentioned late development is a very important basis -- family genetics, namely parents, brothers and sisters, maternal grandparents, maternal grandparents…
There are not many people of late development in lineal lineages.

If more, that child late development rate is still relatively high, which means later growth;
But if there are no late bloomers in the family, and the parents themselves are short, it may be too optimistic to hope for a higher puberty.

3. Do children with late development need to be injected with growth hormone?

This depends on his "late" to what level, it is recommended that parents take their children to the hospital as soon as possible diagnosis.

Many children are considered by their parents to be late in development from an early age and do not intervene until they reach their ideal height at puberty.

Wang, give me an example: 10 ~ 11 year old boy, only 1 meter height 35, after the development in the role of sex hormones, the original backward bone age 1, 2 years, now just six months will take to speed up the epiphyseal closure, it needs to develop after only 25 to 30 cm long, add up to an optimistic situation is only 1 meter 65, parents must accept.

At this time, intervention is late intervention, and the only treatment option is:

1. Inhibit gonadal development with drugs;
2. Combined with recombinant human growth hormone therapy to improve the growth rate of children.

When both drugs are used at the same time, the child's suffering and the cost to the parent is far greater than the early intervention.

With early intervention, the situation would be completely different: the child's height and growth hormone would be the same as that of his peers after three to five years of treatment in the early stage of development, and then the comparison would be made. If the puberty reached the normal level of development, the parents would not have to worry later.
Therefore, parents should follow the principle of early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention for this part of the children, and should not blindly wait and miss the best intervention opportunity for height.

4, why parents are normal height, but the child is short?

There are many factors contributing to this, such as genetics.
A child born to a normal height parent with an invisible genetic condition has a one-in-four chance of developing the condition, which can make the child shorter.

Another condition is early development.
In particular, one of the parents is normal height, the other is short, the child's early height has been at the level of P3 ~ P5, such children must pay attention to, once the emergence of early development, that is undoubtedly a further insult, because the entire adolescence also grow 20 cm (girl), the foundation is not enough, lifetime height will not be very ideal.

Developmental characteristics of boys' secondary sexual characteristics

Girls secondary sexual characteristics development characteristics ↓

Here, Director Wang told me more regrettably: early short stature + premature, the cost is very large, finally can only as the above mentioned case, the use of inhibitory development + injection of growth hormone treatment.

5. What is the effect of intervention for children with early development?

Director Wang Shared with me a case in which he was particularly impressed:

Is a little girl, the mother only 1.5 meters, the father 1.63 meters, she was short, and 7 years old on the development, genetic height is only 1.5 meters.
After 3 years of treatment, the final height of 1.6 meters, should say or very ideal.

6, a healthy, normal height child, but the parents have a higher expectation of his height, in such a case can inject growth hormone?

If the child is doing well, there is no need to intervene.

What parents should do more is to establish a healthy lifestyle for their child, develop good habits in nutrition, exercise, sleep and so on, and then see what happens in adolescence.
There is no need to be overly anxious if the child is doing well in adolescence.

Zhang Liang son every day, Tian Liang daughter sen Dish bubble in the stadium since childhood big, big long leg no problem

7. The mother is 1.58 meters and the father is 1.70 meters. The child has inherited the height of 1.70 meters.
   Can growth hormone be used to intervene?

If the parents have a strong desire to intervene and the child has not reached the genetic height or expected height by the end of adolescence, a bone age can be taken to see how much he can expect to grow. If the situation is not ideal, a final rush with growth hormone is also clinically possible.
It is recommended that parents take their children to regular hospitals for examination before medical intervention.

70 percent of a child's height is inherited from his or her parents

8. Are there any signs of late adolescence?
   How can parents tell if a child is in late adolescence?

The main feature is a slowdown in growth rate.
For example, before 1 cm long, now 3 months only grow less than 2 cm, that means that the growth period of the child is almost over, this time must grasp the final treatment opportunity.

Must not wait until a bit is no longer long, bone age piece discovers epiphyseal line already closed, that has no way.
So adolescent height management is very important, parents must be timely attention.

Suggest parents stick a height ruler on the wall at home, pay close attention to the child's height

9. Does it mean that if the parents are willing to intervene, the children can be injected with growth hormone in late adolescence?

Whether or not to use growth hormone injection therapy, is based on the child's current height, genetic height, changes in the child's growth rate, bone age, and so on to determine the overall.

For example: boys genetic height of 1.72 meters, late puberty 1.66 meters, this height in the population is normal, but has not reached the genetic height, then this part of the children and parents if the height requirement is high or can consider drug treatment.

10. Some netizens (female, now an adult) Shared their experiences with ghrelin in adolescence and broken bones in adulthood, suggesting a connection between the two.
    Is it reasonable to worry that "playing growth hormone will cause fracture"?

Wang said there are many causes of fractures.
Growth hormone therapy can affect bone metabolism, and there is no evidence that childhood growth hormone therapy leads to an increased incidence of fracture in adulthood.

In addition, he also said: outdoor exercise in adolescence is also very important, the amount of exercise has a great impact on bone metabolism, this is the peak of metabolism, a more typical situation is the growth pain of a child growing fast, indicating that his metabolic demand is increasing, it is appropriate to supplement vitamin D.

11. What growth hormones are available on the market?
    What are their characteristics?

There are three main types: long-acting growth hormone (through independent research and development in China, the world's first pegylated long-acting growth hormone has been born, which was developed by Jinsei Pharmaceutical And marketed in 2014), short-acting growth hormone powder and short-acting growth hormone injection.

Long-acting growth hormone: only one injection per week, the least of all the growth hormone injections, once a week, only 52 injections per year, so that the children no longer need daily injections, greatly improving the medication compliance of short stature children.
Long-acting growth hormone is much less painful to administer than short-acting growth hormone, which requires 365 days of injections, and is more medically preferable to short-acting growth hormone.
But long-acting growth hormone treatment is also more expensive for shorter duration.

Short-acting growth hormone should be injected daily. There are two main types:

One is short-acting powder.

In 1998, the first growth hormone powder in China was introduced, and the expression technology of Escherichia coli secretion was adopted.
However, due to the limitations of technology at that time, the stability of growth hormone could only be maintained through the freeze-drying process.
The freeze-drying process destroys the original spatial structure of growth hormone and increases the content of relevant substances.
In the course of the use of powder, the process of redissolution also makes the content of relevant substances increase, easy to produce antibodies, long-term efficacy reduced;
In addition, in the process of using the powder, the operation is also very complicated, requiring daily injection, which results in poor patient medication compliance and reduced long-term efficacy. However, the price of the powder is relatively the cheapest.

The other is short-acting injection, the first growth hormone injection in Asia was listed in 2005 (Changchun Jinsai Pharmaceutical Co., LTD.).
Using the protein liquid stabilization technique, which does not require freeze drying and redissolution, the growth hormone water agent can be completely consistent with the natural growth hormone.
Water agent activity is higher, will not produce antibody, can guarantee curative effect.

It is easy to operate and easy to use by using the matching hidden needle electronic pen, which is suitable for long-term use by children.

Electronic operation, accurate dose, stable injection, adjustable speed, can reduce the injection pain;
The design of hidden needle structure can't see the needle during the whole injection process, eliminate the fear of injection and increase the compliance of patients;
Electronic operation, easy to use, suitable for long-term use of children.

It's easy for parents to coax their kids into thinking it's a daily energy bar.
Wang says one of his patients is a 7-year-old who can play after a month of study. That's the convenience of the syringe pen.

In order of efficacy, long-term effect is better because of better compliance and shorter effect.

12. How should parents choose the three growth hormones?
    Is there much of a difference in cost?

Long-acting growth hormone, which is injected only once a week, significantly reduces the pain of daily injections compared to short-acting growth hormone, which is injected 365 days a week, and greatly improves medication compliance.
Therefore, Wang said that long-acting growth hormone treatment is more effective than short-acting treatment.

Short-acting water agent with hidden needle electronic pen, water agent to maintain the natural structure of growth hormone, will not produce antibodies, and added antibacterial agent, to ensure long-term injection safety.
Hidden needle structure design, to eliminate the fear of children injection, electronic intelligent design to ensure long-term safe and convenient operation of patients.

Short-acting powder changed the original spatial structure of growth hormone, and was easy to produce antibodies.
In addition, during the use of powder, the operation is also very complicated, requiring daily injection, which results in poor medication compliance of patients and reduced long-term efficacy.

Therefore, in terms of medication compliance, long-acting growth hormone > short-acting water agent > short-acting powder is the cheapest, short-acting water agent is slightly more expensive than powder, and long-acting water agent is more expensive than the other two dosage forms.

Where can I buy growth hormone on the market now?
If the child is treated in a public hospital, are all three growth hormones available?

Growth hormone is peptide medicaments, drugstore cannot sell, the outpatient department that has qualification only hospital and medical establishment has, and need to issue doctor's diagnose a book, state case, dosage, prescription to wait clearly.

14. There are already parents in liyou's mother circle giving their children growth hormone treatment. What should these parents pay special attention to?
15. Timely treatment and medication.

2, nutrition, diet, exercise, sleep and other factors conducive to the growth of children have to keep up.

3. Compliance, which is also what Director Wang expressed his greatest concern.
   Some parents stop and stop, which is very bad.
4. Timely review and evaluation should be conducted in accordance with the doctor's requirements during the treatment. The nodes are the first month, the third month and every three months thereafter.

Why should you check in time?
The main thing is to look at the efficacy and safety of the drug.
Once there is any problem midway through treatment, you can intervene in time.

I hope the next generation has a pair of proud long legs, tall, handsome, beautiful, this is a very good vision, we all heartbeat and entanglement I understand, in the final analysis I am just an ordinary mother.

As parents, how to rationally and dialectically choose and choose, to reduce the risk to the minimum?
This is something we have to think about and confront.

The growth and development of children must be more scientific learning and judgment, less self-cognition, after all, the growth and development of children only a few years, once missed the best treatment opportunity, we will regret for the rest of our lives.
I hope everyone can get what they need. I really hope our children can grow up healthy and tall.

As parents pay more and more attention to children's height, more and more parents are taking their children to test growth hormones in outpatient clinics, and a group of children with growth hormone deficiency have also been found. For children with growth hormone deficiency who want a satisfactory height increase, the only solution currently is to use growth hormones reasonably and in sufficient amounts. But once we heard that we need to use growth hormone, parents have retreated, and they are full of doubts. There are more than N problems. Today we will talk about the problem of growth hormone.

About growth hormone, read this article is enough

What is growth hormone?

Growth hormone is a natural hormone secreted by the body itself. It is a protein secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Its main function is to promote bone and muscle growth, and also accelerate the burning of body fat. Human growth hormone secretion is affected by gender, season, and circadian rhythm. Generally, growth hormone is secreted most during sleep at night, and secreted during the day is reduced. The growth hormones we use in the clinic are all recombinant human growth hormones produced by gene synthesis, and their structure is exactly the same as the body's own secretion.

About growth hormone, read this article is enough

Can growth hormone only be injected?

Growth hormone is essentially a protein, so if it is administered orally, it will be decomposed and inactivated by the digestive juice of the digestive tract, so that it will not play a role in promoting growth. The subcutaneous injection of growth hormone is directly absorbed through the capillaries under the skin, and will not be affected by the digestive juice. It can still maintain its activity, so the growth hormones we currently use in clinic are all given by subcutaneous injection. Of course, with the development of drugs, there will be long-term growth hormone once a week or even once a month for clinical use, and there will also be continuously developed growth hormone inhaled through the nasal cavity.

About growth hormone, read this article is enough

How to judge a child's growth hormone deficiency?

The secretion of growth hormone in the human body exhibits pulsed secretion, that is to say, similar to the wave-like secretion, there are peaks (secretion peaks) and troughs (secretion troughs). The difference between the troughs may be tens or even hundreds of times, so it is impossible to judge whether the growth hormone is secreted more or less based on the value of a blood test in the morning. Therefore, it is necessary to make a judgment on the growth hormone provocation test of the child.

The principle of the so-called provocation test is to use some drugs to encourage the body to accelerate the secretion of growth hormone itself, so that the growth hormone secretion stimulated by the drug will have a certain rule according to the time of the action of the drug. Determine whether growth hormone is lacking. At present, the commonly used growth hormone challenge tests include hypoglycemia excitation test, clonidine challenge test, arginine challenge test and levodopa challenge test. Because any kind of challenge test will have a misjudgment of about 15%, it needs to be used. Two different excitation tests are used to verify.

If the highest value of growth hormone detected in the challenge test is ≥10 ng / mL, then the child's growth hormone secretion is completely normal; if the highest value is ≤5 ng / mL, then the child's growth hormone is completely lacking; Between 5 ~ 10 ng / mL, it means that the child's growth hormone is partially lacking. Growth hormone therapy is best used for children with complete or partial deficiency of growth hormone.

About growth hormone, read this article is enough

How to use growth hormone? How long will it take?

For children with growth hormone deficiency, the recommended dose of growth hormone is 0.1 to 0.15 U / kg body weight per day, and the calculated daily dose will be injected subcutaneously once a day. Because growth hormone is the peak secretion during sleep at night, the injection of growth hormone is also taken every night before going to bed.

From the perspective of pathogenesis, growth hormone should be used for children with growth hormone deficiency for a long time until the child's epiphysis is closed. But in fact, on the one hand, growth hormone drugs are currently more expensive, and the monthly cost is mostly 3,000 to 6,000 yuan. Some obese children even need 10,000 yuan per month; on the other hand, as the duration of continuous injections increases, The role of growth hormone in promoting height growth will gradually weaken, so in most cases, it is clinically recommended to use it continuously for 1 to 3 years. If you use it continuously for less than 1 year, you cannot fully see the effect of growth hormone on promoting height growth. After all, the growth cycle of the human bone itself also takes 3 to 4 months.

The age of initial growth hormone therapy is currently considered to be 5-7 years old. The main reason is that on the one hand, children under the age of 5 may not cooperate well with parents ’injections, and parents are also likely to interrupt injections because their children cry. Growth hormone must play a role in promoting height growth before the child's epiphysis closes, and as the child's age increases, the growth-promoting effect of growth hormone will weaken, that is to say, the effect of 7-year-old children for 3 consecutive years of growth hormone will definitely The effect of using it continuously for 3 years than a 10-year-old child. From this perspective, it also tells us that growth hormone deficiency should be diagnosed early and treated early, and early diagnosis depends on the parents' annual observation of the child's height growth.

About growth hormone, read this article is enough

What are the side effects of growth hormone?

Growth hormone is the only safe and effective drug approved by the US FDA for the treatment of short stature. After more than 30 years of extensive clinical observations, the European Society of Pediatric Endocrinology officially announced in 1993 that recombinant human growth hormone has very good safety in routine replacement therapy. The gene recombinant auxin currently in clinical use is exactly the same as the growth structure secreted by human pituitary, and the auxin produced by secretory expression technology is a product with higher quality and purity, which is safer and more effective. Various reports at home and abroad: There is no evidence to prove that the long-term use of recombinant human growth hormone will promote the risk of leukemia, brain tumor recurrence and diabetes. There is also no evidence to prove that when using human growth hormone during general medical diseases (such as colds, fever, diarrhea, etc.), the medicine must be discontinued.

Some parents react to the symptoms of itching, pain, fat hyperplasia, and fat atrophy caused by the injection of growth hormone in their children. This is related to parents not mastering the correct injection method, not strict skin disinfection, and inconvenient replacement of injection needles. A very small percentage of children will have increased liver function after starting growth hormone injection. This is because after starting growth hormone treatment, they will mobilize the child's own liver function to cooperate with the role of growth hormone, and it will generally recover automatically. If the liver function increases seriously It is necessary to use hepatoprotective drugs and conduct detailed inspections. Some children will have transient high blood sugar, which can be improved through a healthy diet and exercise. There are also a small number of children who will have transient hypothyroidism. If serious, you need to be treated with alternative drugs. Most of the above transient changes will gradually adapt after using growth hormone. Even if they cannot fully return to normal, they can be cured by a certain treatment. In addition, it is reported that children who use growth hormone will have subluxation of the femoral head, which is related to the increase of joint cavity fluid caused by growth hormone. It can be found and avoided early through regular follow-up inspection.

All in all, for children with growth hormone deficiency, early diagnosis, adequate use, and adherence to follow-up, so that the effective role of growth hormone can be fully exerted, and the child has an ideal height.

Before going to bed, it is best not to give your baby these 6 types of food, which affects the quality of sleep and is not good for development

High quality sleep is very important for babies. Because the baby's healthy growth, whether it is brain development or growth, is done in sleep.

It is often said that newborn babies change every day, and there are new changes every day. Why can newborn babies grow so fast? This is inseparable from the baby's sleep time. The rapid development of the baby's body requires the baby to sleep more. Only when sleeping, the secretion of growth hormone will be more vigorous, which is why newborn babies are almost sleeping moderately Cause.

In order for the baby to develop better, in addition to providing a good sleeping environment for the baby, it is also necessary to pay attention to the diet. Before the baby goes to bed, it is best not to give the baby 6 kinds of foods that affect the baby's sleep, do you know?

Flatulent food

In our daily diet, there are some flatulent foods, such as sweet potato, soy milk, corn, chestnut, etc., which are flatulent foods. Adults who eat too much of these foods will produce gas and make their stomachs uncomfortable. For babies whose stomach and intestines are not fully developed, they need to pay more attention to eating less of these foods, especially before going to bed at night, it is best not to eat flatulent foods. Otherwise, it will easily affect the quality of the baby's sleep. The baby's stomach is flat and uncomfortable. How can the quality of sleep be better?

If your baby can't sleep well, it will have a great impact on the baby's healthy development.

Sweets

Sweets such as cakes, ice cream, candy, etc. are foods that babies like to eat, but these foods are not suitable for babies to eat before going to bed, because these foods are high in sugar, and eating sweets before going to bed at night, the body cannot digest these sugars, It will accumulate in the body and form fat, causing the baby to be overweight, and the baby is obese, which is not a good thing. It is prone to a series of obesity diseases.

In addition, if the baby eats sweets before going to bed, it is also easy to affect the baby's teeth development and increase the chance of the baby having worm teeth. The baby's teeth are not good, how can the appetite be better?

High-calorie food

Although milk is good, it also needs to be distinguished. If it is high-calorie foods such as whole milk, it is best not to drink it for your baby before going to bed, because these foods have higher calories and will increase the baby ’s gastrointestinal digestion burden. When the baby is sleeping, the baby's stomach and intestines continue to work, which will affect the quality of the baby's sleep, and will also increase the baby's chance of being obese.

Therefore, in order to have a good sleep before the baby goes to bed, it is best not to give the baby high-calorie foods. If you want to drink a little milk to improve the baby's sleep quality, it is also best to drink low-fat milk or skim milk for the baby.

Calcium supplemented food

Most of the baby's height development occurs when the baby sleeps. Therefore, some parents may think that giving the baby some calcium supplements before the baby sleeps is more conducive to the baby's height development. Actually this is missed.

Because giving your baby a lot of calcium supplements before going to bed will not only increase the burden on the baby's kidneys, but also because calcium is easily broken down in the kidneys and urethra and form stones, which is not conducive to the baby's health.

Drinking too much

Babies may worry that if they do n’t drink water for a long time, they will be thirsty, and they may make the baby drink water before going to bed. However, this approach has great disadvantages. The first is that the baby drinks too much water before going to bed, it is easy to cause the baby to urinate more, and it is not easy to fall asleep again after wetting the bed at midnight, or after urinating. Thus affecting the quality of baby's sleep.

Therefore, before the baby goes to bed, it is best not to let the baby drink too much water. Instead, choose to give the baby an appropriate amount of water 1 hour before the baby goes to bed.

Salty snacks

For the baby, the diet should be light. If the food has too much salt, it will increase the burden on the baby's kidneys, which will affect the metabolism of the kidneys, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the baby's kidneys. It will also affect the quality of your baby's sleep.

Therefore, it is best not to give your baby too many snacks before going to bed. Therefore, in the diet, either the sugar content is too high or the salt content is too high, these are not conducive to the baby's healthy development, and will affect the baby's sleep Quality.

If you also have a baby in your family, before you go to bed, you must pay attention. Do n’t give your baby the above 6 foods that affect the quality of your baby ’s sleep. Have you taken the trick?

Most modern people are unconscious and sleeping for an extra hour will mean a healthier body and a better mental state. For children, sleeping for an extra hour also means they may grow taller.

Studies have shown that 70% of the child's height depends on the parents' genes and 30% depends on the acquired day. Among these 30% external factors, the effect of sleep on height is ranked first, beyond exercise and diet.

Most pupils

Go to bed from 9: 00-9: 30

Most junior high school students

Go to bed at 9: 30-10: 00

How is the sleep of primary and secondary school students?

Since last Friday, we have interviewed 20 students and parents one after another, including 10 elementary school students in grades 4-6, and 10 junior high school students from various primary and secondary schools in Hangzhou.

The micro survey results show that all 10 elementary school students go to bed at 9: 00-9: 30 in the evening and get up at 6: 30-7: 00 in the morning. Among them, 7 people went to bed at 9 pm and 3 people went to bed at 9:30 pm. The sleep time of primary school students is usually 9 to 9 and a half hours, and only one person reaches 10 hours.

Of the 10 junior high school students, the earliest went to bed at 9 pm, but only one. Most people go to bed from 9:30 pm to 10 pm. There is only one person who goes to bed after 10 pm. The bedtime is from 10:30 pm to 11:00 pm. The time to get up is 6:00 at the earliest and 7:00 at the latest. Most of them get up at 6:30. Most junior high school students sleep between 8 and 8 and a half hours, and only three of them reach 9 hours of sleep.

According to the "Guidelines for Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools" issued by the Ministry of Education in 2008, it is recommended that primary school students sleep 10 hours a day and junior high school students sleep 9 hours a day. In this way, the sleep time of primary and secondary students is generally half To 1 hour.

The large amount of homework, the need to read extracurricular books, and parents believe that eight or nine hours of sleep is enough, which is the main reason for the lack of sleep time for primary and middle school students.

Growth and development experts stipulate that the son of elementary school must go to bed at 8 pm

Professor Fu Junfen is the deputy director of the Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the subject leader of the key innovative discipline of medicine (adolescent medicine) in Zhejiang Province. She is a little over a meter tall. Her son (reading high school) is 176 cm tall.

Director Fu said that she had paid close attention to her son's sleep since she was a child. When she was in elementary school, she asked her son to go to bed at 8 pm, but not later than 8:30. Get up from 7am to 7:15 am.

When he was in junior high school, his son lived in school, and the lights went out at 8:30, and he fell asleep at almost 9:00. Get up at 7:15 in the morning.

On weekends, she never urges her son to get up, and he can get enough sleep. Sometimes the son can sleep until 11 noon. Today, his son is very strong and is the captain of the school football team.

In order not to affect his son's sleep time, Director Fu said that his son has never taken extra-curricular cram school since childhood, no matter whether it is normal or weekend. She said that once these tutoring classes are reported, the child's spare time will be reduced, which will naturally affect the night's sleep time. On the other hand, the children in the cram school will inevitably be stressed and anxious. Over time, the quality of sleep will be affected.

Sleep has become the first external factor affecting children's height

Why do growth and development experts value children's sleep time so much that they must go to bed before 8:30 in primary school?

This is because for today's children, sleep has become the most important external factor affecting their height.

Yang Ruiwen, director of the Physical Examination Center of the Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said: "It used to be believed that 70% of the child's height is determined by heredity, but now, the role of acquired factors is becoming greater and greater, and diet, exercise, and sleep have even become The main reason. Especially sleep, among all external factors, the greatest impact on height. "

Yu Shaomiao, director of the Bone Age Research Center of the Sports Hospital of the Zhejiang Provincial Sports Bureau, also said: "In the past, exercise, sleep, and diet had the highest influence on height. But now, sleep has been recognized as the first influence The factors are, on the one hand, because studies at home and abroad have found that sleep time and sleep quality directly affect children's height; on the other hand, children are not short of nutrition now, and parents are paying more and more attention to exercise, but sleep alone is generally insufficient. "

From the perspective of Western medicine, Chief Physician Fu Junfen of Zhejiang Medical Pediatric Hospital said: "Growth hormone is an important factor affecting human height, and growth hormone is not secreted like other hormones of the human body during the day. , The more it is secreted, the more it will help growth. "

21: 00-1: 00 in the morning is the peak of growth hormone secretion, once the late sleep is missed, I can never make it back

Growth hormone is secreted by the human pituitary gland. The pituitary gland has a lot of work a day. In addition to secreting growth hormone, it also secretes sex hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormones and other hormones required by the human body. Because it is "too busy", it is not 24 hours. Secrete growth hormone.

But infancy is an exception. During infancy, no matter it is day or night, the pituitary gland continuously secretes growth hormone, so babies before 1 year old grow very fast.

After young children, the secretion of growth hormone during the day is very small, and the secretion is mainly concentrated when sleeping at night.

There are two time periods that are important for growing tall-one is from 9 pm to 1 am the next day, especially around 10 pm, the secretion of growth hormone reaches the highest, which can reach 5-7 times during the day . In addition, there is a small peak of growth hormone secretion in the hour or two around 6 am.

However, it is not that the growth hormone begins to be secreted in large amounts on time at 9 o'clock in the evening. Its large amount of secretion must have a premise: it only occurs when you sleep deeply. If you have not gone to bed, or have been to bed but have not fallen asleep, or have fallen asleep but have not entered a deep sleep state, then its secretion volume will be greatly reduced.

So the later you go to sleep, the less growth hormone you secrete, the worse it is for your child's height.

And people generally enter into a deep sleep state from half an hour to 1 hour after falling asleep, so the recommendations of growth and development experts are:

If you want your child to grow tall, it is best to go to bed before 8:30 in the evening, not later than 9:30 at the latest, and get up after 7 in the morning.

Major hormones and their chemical properties
Secretion Parts	Hormone Name	Main targets Organ	Function
Next               Qiu               Brain	Thyroid-stimulating hormone Release Hormone (TRH)	Glandular               Hanging               Body	Promotethyroid hyperplasia of thyroid cells and hyperplasia promote spitanoid release of thyroid-stimulating hormones. Promotes the secretion of stomach fluid
	Adrenal cortical stimulation Hormone release hormone (CRH)		Release of adrenal corticosteroids by increasing intracellular CAMP and Ca-promoting aphendalics
	Gonadotropin Release Hormone (GnRH)		Promotes apitin synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins
	Growth hormone release inhibiting hormones/growth inhibitors (GHRIH/SS)		Inhibition of GH secretion activity inhibits the secretion of TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, ACTH insulin, glucagon, renin, parathyroid intrifiaandroandand and calcite to inhibit the secretion of gastrointestinal movement and gastrointestinal hormones
	Prolactin Release Factor (PRF)		Promotes the secretion of pituitary PRL
	Prolactin release inhibitory hormone (PIH)
	Hessinotic (inline cells) hormone release factor (MRF)		Promotes the release of pituitary MSH
	Hessinotic (inline cells) hormone release inhibitor (MIF)		Inhibits the release of pituitary MSH
Neural Pituitary	Vascular booster (VP)/anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)	Kidneys, Blood Vessels	Promotes the reabsorption of water by the kidneys' distant small tubes and collection tubes
	Oxytocin (OXT)	Uterus, breast	1,uterine contraction (delivery) and back position;2,  milk;3,learning, memory and motherhood.
Glandular     Hanging     Body	Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)	Thyroid	Promotes thyroid growth and development and the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones, and promotes fat mobilization within adipose tissue.
	Adrenal corticosteroids (ACTH)	Adrenal	Accelerates the growth of adrenal cortical cells and promotes the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids.
	Folly Stimulator (FSH)	Sex   Glandular	Female: Promotes the growth and development of follicles and stimulates the secretion of estrogen. Male: Stimulates the development of the testicular clotand and promotes sperm production (matchmaker).
	Lutein production (LH)/interstitial cell stimulator (ICSH)		Female: Promotes the maturation and ovulation of the follicles that have been played by FSH, stimulates the follicles that have been ovulated to produce the progesterone and cause it to secrete progesterone. Male: Stimulates the development of testosterone intertestomy cells and secretes testosterone (intersocytokine)
	Growth Hormone (GH)	Bone Soft tissue	(1) Promotes growth (2) promotes metabolic action: protein synthesis fat decomposition oxidation can inhibit the intake of glucose in peripheral tissues and use to improve blood sugar levels also participate in the body's stress response
	Emulsion (PRL)	Breasts, etc.	Promotes breast growth and development, maintains lactation and initiates lactation, promotes progesterone production and progesterone secretion. High concentration inhibits the development of the ovaries, testes.
	Hessinocell hormone (MSH)	Melanin Cells	Promotes the production and diffusion of melanin in melanocytes, darkening skin tone.
Pineal gland	Melatonin (MT)	Multiple organizations	Inhibits the activity of the glands, discolors the skin of fish and amphibians, regulates sleep and immune function, etc.
Armor Adenossis	The most percellularly stored and stored endocrine hormone in the body by thyroxine (T4/T3)	Body Organization	Heat production, promote protein synthesis, small intestine to glucose absorption promote saccharin decomposition inhibition synthesis promotes sugar isogenesis to strengthen the use of peripheral tissue to promote fat oxidation and decomposition to promote tissue differentiation growth and development and mature heart rate increases heart muscle contraction increases heart output
Thyroid C-cells	Calcium-reduced (CT)	Bone Kidney, etc.	Inhibition of bone-breaking bone-strengthening bone production reduces the reabsorption of the renal tube to Ca P Na Cl reduces blood calcium and blood phosphorus
	1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3		Promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines. Promotes bone dissolution, promotes bone production and calcification as bone metabolism and renewal accelerates. Increased reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus in the kidney tube
Armor Side glands	Parathyroid hormone (PTH)		Promotes bone calcium dissolution into the bloodstream to raise blood calcium. Blood phosphorus reduction (1) The re-absorption of calcium by the kidney tube increases the excretion of urethra;  Effect on the intestines (indirectly promotes the absorption of Ca2 plus  Mg P).
Thymus	thymosin	T lymphocytes
Pancreatic Island	Insulin A cell Known as "storage hormone"	Multiple organizations	Promotes the use of glycogen synthesis (lowering blood sugar);
	Glucagon B cell Also known as "mobilization hormone"	Liver, adipose tissue	Promotes glycogen decomposition of sugar isosomes (raising blood sugar), protein breakdown, inhibits synthesis, and promotes the breakdown of fat.
	Growth inhibitor (SS) D cell	Digestive organs	Side secretion reduces levels of glucagon and insulin.
	Pancreatic polypeptide(PP) PP（F）cell	Digestive organs	Reduce liver glycogen reserve, and inhibit gastrointestinal digestive function.
On the kidneys. Glandular Quality	glucocorticoids (e.g. bundle-cortisol)	Multiple organizations	5 increase (increase dysplasia, protein fat breakdown, stomach acid, RBC, platelet),  4 anti-inflammatory, allergic, immune rejection, shock; 3 minus (reduced lymphocytes, acidophiles, alkali-eating granulocytes); 1 strange (heart-to-heart obesity). The permissible effect of catecholamine
	Saline corticosteroids (e.g. globular band - aldosterone)	Kidney, etc.	1 Promotes the active reabsorption of the renal far-curve dyssotalline tube and the collection tube, while promoting the discharge of K and H,called  "sodium-preserving potassium".     2.Reduce the discharge of Na plus in sweat, saliva, and stomach fluid. The permissible effect of catecholamine
Adrenal Myelin	Adrenaline (E)	Many Organization	Increased excitability of the central nervous system keeps the body alert, breathing accelerates pulmonary ventilation increases metabolism (glycogen decomposition of blood sugar promotes glucose oxidation to accelerate fat breakdown oxidation
	Norepinephrine (NA)
Testis	Androgens (Testosterone (T))	Male reproductive organs and multiple tissues	1 Promotes sperm production, 2 promotes the development of male reproductive organs, promotes and maintains second sexual traits, 3 causes sexual behavior in male animals, 4 promotes protein synthesis and bone growth, and 5 stimulates red blood cell production.
	Inhibitors (ovaries can also be produced)	Adenopitado	Inhibitors mainly inhibit the secretion of FSH, and also inhibit the sperm cells in the testes.
Ovarian Placenta	Estrogen (estradiol (E2), estradiol (E3))	Female reproductive organs and a variety of organizations	1 Promotes the development and maturation of female reproductive organs,2 promotes the growth of the mammary catheter system,3 promotes water salt retention,4 promotes cartilage calcification (osteoporosis),5 causes maternal and animal sexual activity.
	Progesterone (P)	uterus, etc.
Placenta	Human fluffy membrane gonadhormone (hCG))	Ovaries, etc.
	Pregnant horse serum gonadotropin (PMSG)
Gastrointestinal Wait, wait, wait	Gastric urins	Digestive organs, etc.	Promotes gastric acid, gastric protease, gastric fluid secretion. Makes the contraction of the claustrophobic muscle slows the emptying, promotes gastrointestinal movement, and the secretion of tryobiliary bile and small intestine fluid
	Gallbladder shrinkine (CCK) (prototryin)		Promotes the secretion of the pancreatic coral clithes inhibition of gastric emptying to enhance the contraction of the helicosis to promote the release of insulin pancreatic growth inhibitors, such as gastric peptides
	Pancreatic inactin (promoting pancreatitin)		Promotes pancreatic secretion
Atrial	Atrium Sodium Urine Peptide (ANP)	Kidneys, Blood Vessels	Make the kidney drain sodium increase vascular diastomy peripheral resistance, each effort output, heart rate, heart output are reduced
Renal	Erythrocytosin (EPO)	Bone marrow
	1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 （1,25-Dihydroxycholcalciferol）(1，25-(OH)2-D3)	small intestine, bone, Kidney, etc.	Promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines. Promotes bone dissolution, promotes bone production and calcification as bone metabolism and renewal accelerates. Increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus in the kidney tube.
Body	Prostaglandin (PG)	Whole body tissue	Textbook P395

 

Some time ago, a 6-year-old Vietnamese child became famous because he was embraced by female underwear tycoon Michel Monet. More dramatic in the back, according to news reports, the child is actually 23 years old, is a Vietnamese real estate agent with a childish height, named Yu Danpa. Yan Danpa uploaded his ID card photo on facebook, which clearly shows that he was born on April 12, 1993 and is only 23 years old this year. Yan Danpa did not explain why he was short, but people suspected that he may have hormone deficiency. The growth hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland leads to growth and development disorders and short stature. What is hormone deficiency? It actually made a 23-year-old adult man pause at the age of six. The growth and development of adolescents plays an important role in the influence of endocrine growth hormone (GH) on height. In the absence of growth hormone, children will develop slowly and have short stature, clinically known as growth hormone deficiency. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in boys Professor Shen Jie from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, said that growth hormone deficiency is more common in boys. The body weight is often normal at birth, but growth rate slows down after 1-2 years of age, and stagnates in early childhood. The older the age, the more obvious it is. Growth hormone deficiency has no effect on the intelligence of the child, but the child is generally slightly larger and rounder, with less hair and softer texture. The face is younger than the actual age, the chest is narrower, the hands and feet are smaller, and the teeth are later. In addition, most patients have hypogonadal hypoplasia, lack of secondary sexual characteristics, males show genital and pediatric similar, females show primary amenorrhea, breasts and buttocks are not developed. Growth hormone deficiency is genetically related It is understood that the incidence of growth hormone deficiency is mainly related to genetic factors, but other diseases can also lead to the occurrence of growth hormone deficiency, common pathogenic factors are: chromosomal abnormalities such as congenital stupid, meowing syndrome; There are also defects in congenital enzyme metabolism such as mucopolysaccharidosis and hepatic glycogen accumulation; in addition, skeletal diseases such as cartilage malnutrition, anti-vitamin D rickets; endocrine disorders, pituitary dwarfism, hypothyroidism, etc. The best treatment for growth hormone deficiency is to inject growth hormone Growth hormone deficiency is not an incurable disease. Currently, the best treatment is to inject growth hormone. Professor Liang Liyang from the Department of Pediatrics of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University said that if the child is diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency in a regular hospital, the child will be injected with growth hormone, and the height of the child will quickly catch up with the normal child. But experts say that the use of injection growth hormone therapy to promote children's height is only suitable for young children, not for adults. Regrettably, the 23-year-old man has grown into an adult and missed the best treatment opportunity. It is not appropriate to use growth hormone injection to promote height. Extended knowledge: In fact, not only children will develop growth hormone deficiency, but also adults with growth hormone deficiency. The study found that in addition to promoting the growth of adolescents, growth hormone also has an important impact on the metabolism of adults. Patients with growth hormone deficiency caused by postoperative pituitary adenoma, anterior pituitary dysfunction or other causes tend to be obese, abdominal fat accumulation, muscle volume reduction, fatigue, memory loss, osteoporosis and mood in adulthood. low. If you put the right amount of growth hormone treatment, you can correct the above symptoms, such as reducing abdominal fat accumulation, increasing body muscle content, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, long-term medication can also improve self-perception, improve mood, and thus improve the overall physical and mental health of patients.

Principles for the use of growth hormone Growth hormone can promote growth, affecting glycolipid metabolism Good doctor online: What types of short stature can be treated with growth hormone? Professor Fan: According to the drug description, the most common and most important indication for growth hormone is the treatment for patients with growth hormone deficiency, which is also the best disease. This is followed by non-growth hormone deficiency, including idiopathic shortness, Turner syndrome due to lack of growth hormone or lack of growth hormone. Good doctor online: What kind of therapeutic effect does growth hormone have? Professor Fan: Growth hormone has two main functions. The first is to promote growth. For children, it is mainly to help them grow taller. Second, growth hormone can affect sugar and lipid metabolism. For example, patients with severe growth hormone deficiency will have elevated blood lipids, and a large amount of fat will accumulate in the abdomen and chest, affecting the appearance. After the medication, the blood lipids will return to normal, the abdominal fat accumulation will gradually disappear, and the person will become more slender and the muscles will be more developed. Therefore, patients with growth hormone deficiency, even if they do not have high growth requirements in adulthood, it is recommended to use growth hormone in small doses under the guidance of a doctor. This is beneficial for improving metabolism and lifelong health. For children with non-growth hormone deficiency, the purpose of medication is to promote their growth. Generally, the height is within the height range of a normal person, and the drug is stopped. For those whose height is in the normal and short range, but the increase is required, medical treatment is not recommended. Common 4 types of adverse reactions Good doctor online: What side effects or adverse reactions can occur with growth hormone? Professor Fan: In general, if the drug is used strictly in accordance with the drug instructions and indications, growth hormone is a safer drug with fewer side effects or adverse reactions. If side effects or adverse reactions occur after administration, it is mainly related to the dose of the drug. In normal people, growth hormone is the natural secretion of the body, enough for the growth of physical fitness. In the treatment of growth hormone deficiency, we use a small dose of replacement therapy, that is, how much to make up, and replace the normal physiological needs of the human body with drugs. This dose is basically safe. If used in the treatment of non-growth hormone deficiency, such as idiopathic short stature, Turner syndrome, etc., the dose is relatively large, or the medication is longer, the side effects will appear. The most common side effect of growth hormone is elevated blood sugar. There are some diseases that cause excessive growth hormone in the body, such as giant disease and acromegaly, and there is a problem of abnormal glucose metabolism, which leads to an increase in blood sugar. When using growth hormone replacement therapy, if the drug dose is too large, it may cause abnormal glucose metabolism, and severe type 2 diabetes may occur. But there are individual differences that may be related to family history. In the past, the second common side effect was local skin reactions, such as local itching, redness, and more common in some early drugs. But now, with the increasing purity of growth hormone preparations, the quality of domestic preparations is getting better and better. These local reactions are almost gone. Some children develop local pain after injection, which is mainly related to psychological factors and can be tolerated. The third common side effect is pseudo-brain tumors. The child will have a headache, and the intracranial pressure will increase after the injection. These symptoms disappear after stopping the drug. For this situation, parents should be reminded to take the child to review regularly, and to go to the hospital in time for discomfort. The fourth side effect is joint slippage. This is a very rare situation, mainly related to the acceleration of the child's growth after medication. Parents are more concerned about and valued. It also includes growth hormone that promotes cell proliferation and division, and may induce tumor or relapse. However, from the situation in our hospital and a large number of international statistics, the incidence of cancer is not significantly increased by the use of growth hormone. In addition, some children may experience physical pain due to accelerated growth, especially in the afternoon. We call it growth pain, which is normal. We have also encountered some children in the clinic and found some curvature of the spine. Our analysis found that these children had less obvious congenital malformations and scoliosis before the injection of growth hormone. However, the doctor did not check carefully before treatment. As the height increased, this problem was highlighted, and parents noticed it as a side effect of the drug. In fact, the two have nothing to do with it. Good doctor online: Adverse reactions and side effects of growth hormone, are there individual differences? Professor Fan: Yes. All drug reactions are first related to the drug itself, and then to individual differences. We ask doctors to make a record before using angtropin growth hormone, carefully check whether the child has scoliosis, etc., and do a basic routine biochemical examination. And considering the difference between the group and the individual, everyone has the risk of having a tumor, and the child should be properly examined to understand the family history of the disease. Professor Fan: The examination includes preventive testing and etiological testing. Prophylactic tests include basic hematuria, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, lack of pituitary hormones, and detection of tumor markers (can remind tumors). Some children develop hematuria or proteinuria when they use growth hormone. If the basic examination is not done in advance, the doctor can't tell whether the patient already has the underlying disease or the adverse reaction caused by the medication. Etiological testing involves performing a magnetic resonance of the pituitary when necessary. Some growth hormone deficiency is caused by pituitary dysplasia or pituitary growth hormone deficiency caused by tumor compression in rare cases. This can be found by magnetic resonance. Good doctor online: How long does it take to review the process of injecting growth hormone, including which items? Professor Fan: Most of the diseases treated with growth hormone are not temporary diseases. In other words, it does not have the same stage as a cold, and it can be cured in a few days or weeks, often requiring long-term treatment. This also requires regular review and follow-up. In general, we require a routine examination in the first month after growth hormone, and then review it every three months. The examination has two purposes. The first one is to see the curative effect. After the medication, the child's physical development and long-term changes are monitored. The second is to monitor whether the test results show adverse reactions or side effects. Good doctor online: If the child has a pseudo-headache or other brain symptoms, or in the daily review, but also check the magnetic resonance? Professor Fan: Generally not needed. This diagnosis is mostly one-time, mainly used to observe the development of the pituitary gland to determine whether there are intracranial congenital malformations and pituitary development, or to exclude pituitary abnormalities caused by secondary tumor compression and intracranial hemorrhage. And the child has already had magnetic resonance before taking the drug, and it is not necessary to repeat it after the diagnosis. Moreover, pseudo-headaches or pseudo-brain tumors are known side effects of drugs. We will give the child a week of withdrawal, and if the symptoms are fully recovered, it is a drug problem. Most children stop taking the drug for a while, and most of them can continue treatment without a second headache. Have adverse reactions with growth hormone Good doctor online: Is it because the child has an adverse reaction after taking the drug? First, it is recommended to stop the drug for a period of time. If the symptoms disappear, it means that it is related to the drug? Professor Fan: Right. Parents should read the drug instructions carefully before giving them medication. If there is an adverse reaction after administration, check the drug instructions, and there are tips. For some small, common adverse reactions, you can stop taking the drug. If the blood sugar rises, you can stop taking the medicine to see the recovery of blood sugar. Before using the drug, special emphasis is placed on understanding whether there is a family history of diabetes or oncology. We must tell parents that if there are these situations in the family, we must be cautious in the course of medication and insist on regular review. Can not be used in the process of growth hormone, half a year or a year is not reviewed, this is irresponsible for children. Good doctor online: How long is it appropriate to stop taking medicine? Professor Fan: This varies from person to person and varies from symptom to symptom. It is recommended that all withdrawals and recovery medications should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. Parents should not make assertions.