Category: Antiviral

As the flu season heats up in the depths of winter, some people are confused as to whether it is a cold, flu or novel coronavirus infection, as physical symptoms such as runny noses and sore throats emerge. 'Many of the symptoms are similar to those of a cold or flu,' said Sarah Ash Combs, a physician at Children's National Hospital in Washington, ACCORDING to CNN. 'The best thing to do is get tested for the virus.' To find out if there is novel coronavirus infection.

'If you don't get tested, it's really hard to tell at this point,' Combs said. As a precaution, she noted, flu-like symptoms "need to be treated at the same level as those in the novel coronavirus."

With many schoolchildren returning to school after winter break, Mr. Combs said that given the current situation in the United States, people should approach the symptoms of cold, flu and novel coronavirus with the same mindset.

She says it is important for children to be vaccinated against the flu virus. When children return to school, testing for the virus is an effective way to prevent the spread of the outbreak.

Novel Coronavirus infections and influenza often cause fever, fatigue, body aches, sore throat, breathing difficulties, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., according to the CENTERS for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

'Many of the initial symptoms of discomfort look almost like a cold or flu,' said Abdul El-Sayed, a former director of operations for Detroit's Health department. 'If you have a headache and a dry cough, it could be novel coronavirus infection. Loss of taste and smell are the most obvious signs of infection.'

Sayed said people should seek medical attention immediately if they experience severe chest pain, especially a worsening dry cough.

He analyzed that contact history is an important indicator to determine whether there is an epidemic, flu or cold. When the body began to feel uncomfortable, might as well start to recall the recent contact with the object, whether anyone diagnosed, at this time the best independent isolation, and accept rapid screening.

He said people should be alert if there has been a confirmed case close to them, even if they do not feel unwell. "I think we need to step up our preparedness because the Omicron strain is spreading like wildfire," he said.

John Torres, a former Colorado emergency physician and NBC medical commentator, said if you feel sick, it's best to assume you have the virus, including self-quarantine and testing until the hypothesis is ruled out.

"Wait until the virus test is negative to start thinking about whether it is a cold or flu, but until the test results are available, it is best to assume a novel coronavirus infection because there are many similarities between the three symptoms," he said.

The Novel Coronavirus pandemic has been sweeping the world for two years now, but we are no longer helpless against it as at the beginning. The development and birth of the novel coronavirus vaccine have to a certain extent stopped the pace of the virus, and it is only a matter of time for mankind to defeat the pandemic.
In just seven to eight months, scientists around the world have developed a vaccine against an entirely new virus. Why is it that HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, has been around for 40 years and there has been no successful vaccine?
There are not a few friends with such doubts, small U today to talk with you, why is HIV vaccine so difficult? First, because HIV directly attacks T cells
The function of vaccine is to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and activate cellular immunity against the virus. Generally speaking, vaccine is a wanted notice, and T cells are responsible for receiving the wanted notice. When the real virus invades, T cells will sound the alarm at the first time and mobilize other immune cells to participate in the elimination of the virus. But for HIV this process completely fails, because HIV first attacks T cells (CD4 cells, a type of T cell), so normal cellular immunity does not apply to HIV. Second, the antibody design of the vaccine is complex and difficult
The effectiveness of the vaccine depends on the antibody, how much of it is produced, whether it is broad spectrum or specific to a single type of virus, how long it lasts after it is produced and so on, all of which affect whether the vaccine is effective or not. TIPS:
The function of antibody is to bind to the virus before the virus binds to the cell. For example, the virus has three three-eye plugs corresponding to the three-eye socket of the cell. As long as the antibody plugs the three plugs of the virus first, the virus cannot plug into the socket of the cell
Antibody production is not enough to neutralize all viruses, so the leakage of a small amount of virus can still lead to HIV infection (does not prevent infection, but can control the level of virus, reduce the destruction of CD4+T cells in the early gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue, and delay the progression of the disease); Non-broad-spectrum antibodies may be ineffective against other types of HIV (and may be ineffective against slightly mutated viruses); Short duration of antibodies means less protection, so either you keep getting vaccinated or you still risk infection.
Eventually, the virus mutates to escape immunity
Because the current HIV virus cannot be eliminated, its replication still exists, and it is inevitable that the virus will mutate and eventually escape immune control. So far, HIV vaccines have not been able to achieve very effective prevention.
Xiao U wants to say, at present cannot rely on the vaccine to prevent HIV infection under the circumstances, clean, avoid infection is the best policy. Note 1: AIDS was first recorded in medical history in 1959, in the plasma of an adult male in Congo. It contains HIV-1, the predominant form of the disease currently present in the 35 million people with AIDS. Before that, though there was no record of it, AIDS may have entered the body.
In 1998, 17 years after the 1981 AIDS epidemic in the United States, a team of researchers led by David Ho compared the earliest HIV samples from 1959 with the Simian immunodeficiency virus, an immunodeficiency virus carried by apes in the Congo. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and the ape-to-human transmission is estimated to have occurred between the 1940s and 1950s.
Later, the understanding of RNA was further improved, and SIV and HIV were notorious reverse transcriptional RNA viruses, so some scholars established complex mathematical models of RNA evolution. The mutation from simian SIV to Congo HIV in 1959 took 40 years to complete and is estimated to have occurred between 1910 and 1930.
Until 2014, the latest study dates back to 1920, when the first mutated FORM of SIV jumped from orangutans to humans and became HIV. The study is in the journal Science.

The high incidence and mortality rate of cancer make us shy about talking about "cancer" in our life. Most of our fear comes from our ignorance about cancer. After scientific understanding, you will find that cancer is not so terrible, it can be prevented and treated…

According to the International Union against Cancer: the world is diagnosed with 12 million cases of cancer every year, and about 20% of these cases are due to viral or bacterial infections!

In our daily life, we will inevitably come into contact with a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites and so on. Therefore, we should pay more attention to cancer caused by infection.

1

Beware of class 3 viruses, which may be carcinogenic factors

1

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) - primary liver cancer

It is well established that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increases the risk of liver cancer.

"Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer" is the "three steps" from viral hepatitis to liver cancer. According to investigation shows, about 70 ~ 80% of liver cancer develops by second liver and come, that is to say, if second liver is not treated in time standard, the likelihood and liver cancer were separated by one step only difference.

HBV infection itself has no direct cytotoxic effect, but the virus in vivo continues to replicate after phagocytic processing, will activate the immune response, induced liver immune pathological damage.

When liver cells are damaged, collagen fibers are generated to repair them. However, once collagen fibers accumulate too much, the liver will become soft and hard, forming cirrhosis. If not controlled, liver cancer may come to the liver.

Route of transmission

Blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, sexual transmission.

Patient of chronic second liver can feel fatigue and lack of power, inappetable, disgusting and liver area unwell wait for clinical symptom commonly, companion has assay index at the same time abnormal.

The prevention methods

1, hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent hepatitis B. In particular, people with low immunity, family members of hepatitis B patients, medical personnel who have long-term contact with patients and other high-risk groups must be vaccinated in time.

2, for ordinary people, you can do a physical examination every year, including liver function, hepatitis B five items, these items help to find early whether the liver is infected by the virus.

2

Human papillomavirus (HPV) - Cervical cancer

The possibility of cervical cancer in women infected with human papillomavirus is significantly increased than that in women without infection, but this is not to say that infection with HPV is equal to cervical cancer, hundreds of HPV viruses, may cause cervical cancer only 13 high-risk type and 5 medium-risk type.

Up to 75 percent of women will be infected with HPV in their lifetime, and more than 80 percent of HPV infections can be cleared by the body's immune system, but the high-risk viruses that can't be cleared can cause persistent infections and increase the risk of cervical cancer.

The prevention methods

1, get HPV vaccine: now there are two, four, nine of these three types of HPV vaccine on the market, nine of the vaccine can prevent 90% of cervical cancer.

2. Regular screening: The main screening methods for cervical cancer include HPV examination, TCT examination and colposcopy.

TCT examination is recommended every 3 years for women aged 21 to 29. Women aged 30 to 65 had TCT every 3 years or TCT and HPV every 5 years; Women over 65 with normal results from regular tests may no longer be screened.

Route of transmission

HPV is mainly transmitted sexually, so it is also important to pay attention to sexual and menstrual hygiene to prevent cervical cancer.

If the occurrence of irregular vaginal bleeding, contact bleeding, white with blood color or rice soup like or have a fishy smell, lower limbs or private director wart, lumbago and lying down after the pain more obvious symptoms, to guard against cervical cancer.

3

Epstein-barr virus - nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoma

Epstein-barr virus (EPSTEin-Barr virus) is a herpes virus ubiquitous in the world. It is not only associated with nasopharyngeal and lymphatic cancers, but also with gastric, lung, breast and cervical cancers in recent years.

Typically, epstein-Barr virus enters the human body and remains dormant in B lymphocytes for a long time. The virus does not replicate and only expresses a small number of genes.

In the absence of external triggers and with normal immunity, they can remain dormant forever; However, when the immune function of the body is low, the latent EPstein-Barr virus will be activated and cause infection, which may eventually lead to nasopharyngeal cancer or other diseases in coordination with other factors.

Route of transmission

Epstein-barr virus is mainly transmitted through saliva, so the key to prevention is to pay attention to oral hygiene, including the use of chopsticks when eating together.

Early symptoms of epstein-Barr virus infection

Red rash on the palate of the mouth, or clusters of reddish papules on the face with red spots.

2

These bacteria may cause cancer

In addition to virus, some bacteria are also related to the occurrence of cancer, among which the most clear and representative is helicobacter pylori (Hp) and gastric cancer, the world Health Organization has listed Hp as the number one factor causing gastric cancer.

1

Helicobacter pylori - Stomach cancer

There are not many patients infected by Helicobacter pylori, which will enter the stomach with food and destroy the gastric mucosa. When the gastric mucosa is trapped in repeated destruction and repair for a long time, it may mutate and form tumors.

Route of transmission

Helicobacter pylori through oral cavity, saliva and other oral transmission, so there is a certain family aggregation, to prevent disease from entering the mouth.

Pay attention to the hygiene of tableware, clean and disinfect regularly; Eat less raw and cold food; You'd better get into the habit of using chopsticks when eating together. Can eat at ordinary times can protect the food of gastric mucosa, such as fungus food.

The harm of H. pylori to human body is not limited to the stomach, but also increases the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers, liver lesions, iron deficiency anemia of unknown cause, lymphatic hyperplastic gastric lymphoma and other diseases, must be standardized treatment. Currently, the commonly used "quadruple therapy" -- proton pump inhibitor + bismuth + two antibiotics, the course of treatment is generally 10-14 days.

In addition, screening for gastric cancer, including gastroscopy and Hp test, is recommended for ordinary people starting at age 40.

2

Long-term imbalance of intestinal flora -- Colorectal cancer

We all know that there are good and bad bacteria in the gut. Normally, the two are in balance, but when things get out of balance, some bad bacteria quickly take over.

Although no specific microbes have been linked to colorectal cancer, a significant number of cancer-promoting bacteria have been found in the human gut, including Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Helicobacter hepatis, Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Clostridium, and Lactococcus and Clostridium.

The structure of intestinal flora and its metabolites can affect the body's susceptibility to diseases, and may even directly induce pathological states such as colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the stability of intestinal flora.

Maintain a healthy gut

1, dietary fiber: can shorten the residence time of feces in the intestinal tract, reduce the absorption of harmful substances, but also enhance probiotics, improve the intestinal barrier function. Because this appropriate eat coarse grain, vegetables and fruits is very important.

2. Resistant starch: it can be fermented by intestinal microbes to generate butyric acid and other short-chain fats, enhance intestinal cell immunity and assist in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.

Daily can add a small amount of sweet potatoes, potatoes, corn and other foods containing resistant starch.

The body is a unified whole, local organ damage may also cause abnormalities in other organs. If you are infected by the above bacteria or viruses, it is recommended to seek medical advice in time to avoid worsening the condition.

But it is not to say that once infected will certainly cause cancer, as long as we timely treatment, block the development of the disease, while removing harmful bacteria or viruses, can also prevent the occurrence of cancer.

A team at the university of ois has developed a new molecule that can be attached to the surface of the sars-co-2 virus particles. This attachment prevents the virus from entering the body cells and spreading infection. The newly developed molecules belong to a group of compounds called RNA ligands, which are based on the same type of building blocks for mrna vaccines. This makes them cheaper and easier to make than those currently used to treat covid-19 and using fast antigen tests to detect virus infections.A ligand is a piece of DNA or rnait, which folds into a three-dimensional structure that identifies interested specific targets. By putting itself attached to the surface of the virus, the RNA adaptor prevents the prosin protein as the "key" that allows the virus to enter the cell.So, RNA fitness is not a new vaccine, but a compound that can stop the virus from being transmitted in the body once someone is exposed to the virus. The efficient combination of the sars-co-2 virus also means that the adapter can be used to detect the covid-19 infection."We have begun testing new fitness in quick tests," said professor rgen kjems of ogois university. "we expect to be able to detect very low concentration of viruses," he is the main author of the article, which was published in the famous magazine, the pnasese.The study of cell culture shows that the adaptors are effective in the previous variants of the new coronavirus tested by researchers."Since we submitted the article to peer review, we continue to study and can show that it can also recognize the delta variant. Now we are waiting for the new discovery variant -- the ammikon sample so that we can test whether the adaptor can also identify it," said rgen kjems.He stressed that the results of the delta were not reviewed and published by peer.

1. Types of viral hepatitis: A, B, C, D, E

2 viral hepatitis through the fecal-oral route transmission is: A, E

3. Viral hepatitis is transmitted through blood: TYPE B, C and D
4. Type D hepatitis virus is a defective virus, which can only be attached to hepatitis B virus
5. Five hepatitis B items: HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb
6. After infection with hepatitis B, there are three pairs of antigen and antibody systems, among which the blood examination can not detect: HBcAg
7. The marker for early diagnosis of infectious pathogens is IgM
8. The marker of late diagnosis of infectious pathogen is: IgG
9. Five hepatitis B indicators, the significance of each indicator:

①HBsAg: surface antigen, indicating that hepatitis B is in the infectious period, infectious

②HBsAb: surface antibody, the only protective antibody, indicating that hepatitis B is in convalescence or has recovered

③HBeAg: E antigen, indicating that hepatitis B virus is in active replication, highly infectious

(4) HBeAb: E antibody indicates that HBV replication is weakened and infectivity is reduced

⑤HBcAb: core antibody, divided into two types, IgM indicating early infection; IgG indicates prior infection

10. Common viruses of infectious diarrhea: Rotavirus, group A mainly infects infants; Group B mainly infected young adults

Polio is transmitted mainly through the faecal-oral route, but can also be transmitted by droplets

12. Influenza viruses are divided into a, B and C types, and A is the most easily mutated to cause a worldwide pandemic; B mutation is weak, causing epidemic and sporadic; Type C is the most stable, causing localized emission
13. Japanese encephalitis is transmitted from pigs through mosquito bites
14. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primarily attacks CD4+T lymphocytes, ultimately affecting the human immune system

1 Ebola Virus
The picture
The virus is mainly found in Africa and can be transmitted by physical contact with patients, with a high mortality rate of 50 to 90 percent. Currently, there is no cure for the virus.
Influenza A virus
The virus is the most dangerous flu virus, with a high mortality rate, because it can quickly evolve into new, more virulent and infectious viruses, rendering existing treatments ineffective.
3 HIV
The virus destroys the body's T lymphocytes, causing people to lose their immunity and die from other diseases. At present, there is no cure or medicine for the virus.
4 Smallpox virus
The picture
It has the highest incidence and death toll of any viral infection, killing at least 150 million people in the 18th century. Fortunately, humans have found a cure for this virus.
5 Rabies virus
The virus is transmitted to humans by animals (dogs, cats, wolves, etc.) and causes human rabies, which has a 100% mortality rate. Rabies can be prevented by vaccination, so it is important for humans to get vaccinated in time after being scratched or bitten by these animals.
6 Hepatitis virus
People infected with the virus are more likely to develop hepatitis, which can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.
7 Dengue Virus
The virus, which is spread mainly by mosquito bites, first appeared in the tropics and is now found in many areas, and the outbreaks are getting bigger. For this virus, children under the age of 15 need to pay more attention because they are vulnerable.
8 SARS coronavirus
The virus is a contagious respiratory disease that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and can be spread by droplets in close proximity. His mortality rate averaged 9.6%, with the highest 14-15%.
Marburg virus
The picture
The virus appeared in Marburg, Germany in 19967. It is highly contagious and transmitted by body fluids. The mortality rate is also very high, about 25% to 100%.
10 West Nile virus
The virus is spread by mosquitoes, mainly birds, but can also infect people. But the virus has a relatively small impact on people, with only 0.7 percent dying from encephalitis.

Doctors who identified the Omicron strain of COVID-19, the first novel coronavirus strain, said it was "mild" and had not caused an increase in hospitalizations, in a rebuke to the global panic.

Governments around the world are imposing new travel bans and other virus restrictions in response to claims that the new strain is more transmissible and deadlier than Delta.

However, those with the most local expertise in South Africa are saying the opposite.

Barry Schoub, chairman of the Ministerial Advisory Committee on Vaccines, told the press that such fears were misplaced.

"The cases that have occurred so far are mild cases, mild to moderate cases, which is a good sign."

Schub again disputed the idea that the new strain could be more dangerous than Delta, and noted that Omicron could soon become the dominant strain, making it less "appropriate" than the Delta strain.

Angelique Coetzee, president of the South African Medical Association, echoed Schub's view, noting that patients infected with Omicron had "very different and very mild symptoms [from] those I have treated before."

Asked if authorities were unnecessarily panicking, Coetzee said "of course" and tried to dispel alarmism.

Viruses are everywhere!

To date, more than 112 million people have been newly infected and nearly 2.49 million have died from the disease.

As people have to live with the virus for a long time, the characteristics of Xinkuan are constantly being revealed.
A new study has found that the virus can survive on clothing materials for up to three days.
If during this time the clothing contact other surfaces and spread again, I do not know what the consequences will be!

During the epidemic, many people would disinfect, wash their hands and change their masks after going out, but they did not pay much attention to the clothes they wore outside.
Especially in winter, many coats and sweaters can not be cleaned every time they wear them.

Researchers at De Montfort University (DMU) in the UK, for example, have studied how long coronaviruses survive on a variety of fabrics in an attempt to increase understanding of the virus.

The results showed that the virus remained for 6 hours on polyester-cotton fabrics, survived for 2 days on pure cotton clothing, and even infected virus particles still existed after 3 days on polyester fibers!

The study used HCoV-OC43 coronavirus, which is very similar to SARS-CoV-2, which causes CoviD-19.
The researchers observed how long the virus stayed on the surfaces by dropping the virus onto various textile materials.

This finding is even more alarming, considering that polyester, 100% cotton and polyester, which are common in everyday clothing, are so susceptible to the virus, even though we've all worn them at some point!

They are also the most commonly used textiles in sanitary Settings, with many medical staff wearing uniforms made of such materials.
And considering that they are the people most likely to be exposed to the virus, the risk of transmission seems to increase dramatically!

Dr Laird, head of the infectious disease research group at the DMU, warned: "If a healthcare worker wears a uniform home, they may be able to carry the virus onto other surfaces in the home that are stuck to the uniform material.

To reduce this risk, the team also assessed how best to safely remove the virus from clothing surfaces.

They repeated the tests using 100% cotton textiles at different water temperatures and washing methods, including home washing machines, industrial washing machines, hospital washing machines, and ozone or highly reactive gas washing systems.

Under normal conditions, the agitation and dilution of the water in these machines was enough to remove the virus.
But in the fabric has been contaminated with virus saliva, must raise the water temperature to 67 degrees Celsius and with laundry detergent, the virus can be completely eliminated!

DMU's Dr. Laird also strongly advises health care workers not to take work uniforms home, but to wash them in hospitals or industrial laundries.

"Although contaminated clothing can remove the virus after being washed at high temperatures in a household washing machine, it is possible that it may have previously touched other surfaces in the home and left the virus on them.
"With hospital or industrial laundry, health care workers don't have to worry about bringing the virus home," Laird explained.

Some previous studies on the covid have seen the virus linger for a while on a variety of other materials.
For example, the virus can survive for up to 7 days on plastic, 4 days on banknotes and glass, 2-3 days on stainless steel, and 2 days on wood!

So look, novel coronavirus this immaterial killer is hidden all around all the time simply, wait for the body that invades people carelessly.
It seems that we should be daily to contact things are often clean and disinfected, nip in the bud is more important!

), respiratory diseases, guangzhou medical university state key laboratory of 23, said in a news release, the laboratory jin-cun zhao professor team and in shenzhen life science research institute and other units cooperation, found COVID - 19 patients individual different time point and different physiological parts (respiratory tract, enteron) virus variants evolution characteristics, as will be the evolution of the coronavirus and the emergence of the mutant strains has provided important theoretical guidance.

The study was published online February 23, 2021 in the journal Genome Medicine.

Novel coronavirus has strong pathogenicity and rapid human transmission. It is of great significance to elucidate the mutation characteristics of novel coronavirus for epidemic prevention and control, pathogen detection and vaccine development.

The study collected COVID - 19 patients with continuous time point and different types of samples, including: nasopharyngeal swab, sputum, feces, urine and gastric mucosa, etc., using the transcriptome sequencing and probe hybridization capture method will be coronavirus genome, the depth of the comparative analysis between different individuals and individuals within the virus evolutionary change features of different organizations.

It was found that the proportion of virus-related sequences detected by deep sequencing of clinical samples was correlated with the fluorescence quantitative CT value, and the virus-related sequences detected by respiratory tract (nose, pharynx, sputum) and intestinal tract (feces, anal swab) were much higher than those detected by urine and gastric mucosa samples.
In addition, it was found that the co-existence of multiple viruses of different branches in intestinal samples from patients with Covid-19 may be caused by co-infection of multiple subtypes, repeated mutations or quasispecies changes.

In addition, we found that the diversity of novel coronavirus in the intestinal samples was higher than that in the respiratory samples, and the variation of novel coronavirus in the intestinal samples was more stable, the variation diversity was richer, and the individual few base mutations were more sustainable.

"Whether gut samples are more likely to produce mutant strains" is an important direction for future research, and ultimately more research is needed to determine whether that is true, "said the team's lead researcher.

It is reported that the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of Guangzhou Medical University mainly focuses on clinical and basic research of respiratory diseases, such as sudden major respiratory infectious diseases and lung injury, bronchial asthma and chronic cough, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and so on.
The founding director is Zhong Nanshan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Seven people in Russia have been found to be infected with the H5N8 bird flu virus, the first known human cases of the virus.
The seven infected people have mild symptoms and no human-to-human transmission has been detected, but the virus could mutate to cause human-to-human transmission in the future.
In early February, a highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) strain of wild black swan was reported in the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park in Beijing.
How does the virus infect humans?
What are the symptoms of being infected?
How to protect scientifically?

The H5N8 bird flu virus, which is highly contagious among birds, was first detected globally in 2014, according to public information.
In 2016, outbreaks in many European countries killed a large number of poultry and wild birds.
It has been found in Japan, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Namibia, India, and the United States.
The acute respiratory infectious disease caused by some subtypes of avian influenza virus is called "human avian influenza", and the subtypes of avian influenza virus that infect human beings are mainly H5, H7 and H9 subtypes.

"H5N8 is expected to be transmitted in the same way as H7N9, mainly through respiratory transmission, or through close contact with the secretions or feces of infected birds, or through contact with contaminated environments."
Li Dong, chief physician of the infection department of Beijing You 'an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said the high-risk groups are poultry breeding workers, people who trade, transport and process live poultry, and people who often go to live poultry markets for shopping.

On the H5N8 bird flu symptoms in humans, Li said that as it is the first time that humans have been infected with the virus, the current news reports show that the symptoms are relatively mild, with fever, cough and muscle aches, and some people even have mild or no symptoms at all.

Faced with the possibility of human-to-human transmission of the H5N8 avian influenza virus in the future, what should we do in our daily life to protect ourselves scientifically?
Li Dong has put forward the following suggestions.

Personnel engaged in poultry breeding, transportation, sales, slaughter and other industries in contact with poultry, to do a good job of personal protection (wear gloves, masks, wear work clothes), contact to use disinfectant and water thoroughly clean hands.

The general public can choose to buy chilled poultry products instead of live poultry products.
Do not touch your mouth and nose when handling eggs. Wash your hands immediately after touching eggs and other poultry food. When processing food, separate raw and cooked food and cook thoroughly before eating.

Do not come into close contact with wild birds in the park or in the wild. If you encounter a bird that has died from an unknown cause, stay away from it and report it to local authorities.
In case of fever, headache, nasal congestion, cough, general discomfort and other symptoms, you should wear a mask and go to the hospital as soon as possible.