Arthritis is one of the most common chronic diseases and the number one disabling disease in the world. It affects 50% of people over the age of 50 and 90% of people over the age of 65. In severe cases, it can cause difficulty in walking, affect normal life and even cause disability.

Don't think it's just for old people. More and more young people are suffering from it. Arthritis affects 355 million people worldwide and 1 in 6 people in Asia! As of 2015, there were more than 100 million patients in mainland China, and the number is still increasing. So why is arthritis on the rise? How to treat arthritis?

Why are more and more people getting arthritis?

1. Knee degeneration with age

In young men, there are reasonable gaps between the kneecaps, and there is synovial fluid, which acts as lubrication. But with the increase of age and some other factors, joint synovial fluid degeneration, knee cartilage and tissue wear degree is gradually aggravated, knee degeneration is almost inevitable. In other words, people of a certain age can get arthritis of the knee, either mildly or severely.

2. Obesity aggravates knee degeneration

In addition to age, obesity is also a key factor in the development of osteoarthritis. He believes that weight gain increases the load on the knee cartilage, accelerating wear and tear. But now people's life is irregular, the diet is too greasy, weight only gain, accelerate knee degeneration.

3. Incorrect way of exercise

It is generally accepted that exercise is helpful in the prevention and treatment of most diseases. However, many forms of exercise are not very protective against arthritis. Mountaineering and long-distance running are the last things knee patients should do. Due to the non-standard running posture, improper shoes and other reasons, it is easy to cause injury to the knee joint. And when climbing the knee force is 2-3 times of ordinary sports, more not suitable for knee patients.

How to treat arthritis?

1. Drug therapy

First of all, if the patient's knee arthritis is in stage 1, the main symptom is slight swelling and pain of the knee joint, but the X-ray is normal with the help of medical instruments, then this situation is mainly treated by reducing activity, physical diagnosis and treatment, and drug means. Drugs, also mainly with some anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs, the effect is better.

2. Arthroscopic cleaning

Secondly, if the patient's knee joint has active swelling and pain, and the range of motion has been significantly reduced, and the joint space has begun to narrow with the help of medical instruments, early degeneration of the joint, and articular cartilage fibrosis, then the patient has stage 2 knee arthritis.

The condition can also be treated without surgery, but if inflammation is frequent, an arthroscope can be used to clean it up. In addition, if patients have patellar subluxation, patellar tilt, varus deformity and other conditions, doctors will also recommend surgery to correct, because this can delay the degeneration of articular cartilage.

3. Surgical treatment

If patients with knee joint often twisted the lock and the bow-legged, or appear larger crack, peeling, articular cartilage of knee has been deformed, so at this time of patients with knee osteoarthritis have developed to phase 3, 4, at that time we can adopt the way of cleaning under arthroscopy to treat, even for artificial knee joint replacement surgery.

"Anti-inflammatory drugs = antibiotics?"

In daily life, people are used to thinking that anti-inflammatory drugs are antibiotics. This statement is not accurate and should not be confused.

Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are not the same thing at all

Anti-inflammatory drugs, as the name suggests, are drugs that inhibit inflammation, which can relieve inflammation and the pain it brings.

Antibiotics can inhibit or kill all kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, atypical pathogens, etc., so as to achieve the effect of controlling or eliminating infections.

All in all, the main role of antibiotics is to destroy bacteria and control infections, so they are only effective for inflammation caused by infections, while anti-inflammatory drugs can only control the inflammatory response, but cannot eliminate bacteria and control infections.

Abusing antibiotics is simply pitting yourself

Inflammation is not always caused by infection, such as rheumatoid arthritis, allergic rhinitis, etc. If under these circumstances, the wrong use of antibiotics will not only cause a certain economic loss, but also delay the condition and increase the suffering.

More importantly, antibiotics must not be abused! Don't abuse antibiotics! Don't abuse antibiotics!

While antibiotics control and destroy bacteria, they can also induce drug resistance. Whenever we really need to use antibiotics, we will most likely face the embarrassing situation of no medicines available.

How to use anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics?

Find out the reason and get twice the result with half the effort:

This requires understanding the causes of inflammation: including bacterial infections, viral infections, fungal infections, allergies, trauma, etc.

Antibiotics are only effective against inflammation caused by bacteria, but are powerless against inflammation caused by viruses, fungi, allergies, and trauma. In other words, if the disease is not caused by bacteria, but by viruses, fungi, allergies, etc., then no amount of antibiotics will help.

It can be seen that antibiotics are different from anti-inflammatory drugs, except that antibiotics have an anti-inflammatory effect under certain circumstances. The real anti-inflammatory drugs are anti-inflammatory drugs, which refer to steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in medicine.

● Steroids

It is a class of substances that the body can synthesize naturally, that is, hormones that people often say, such as cortisone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, etc.;

● Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Refers to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, common ones are aspirin, analgin, acetaminophen, indomethacin and so on.

These are the drugs that can directly reduce inflammation such as redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Even people can produce some hormone anti-inflammatory drugs by themselves, such as throat inflammation caused by colds and other diseases. 90% of them are caused by viruses. They are self-limiting. Even if you don’t use any medicine, you will heal yourself after a few days of rest. This is the function of the body's own secretion of anti-inflammatory drugs, and there is no need for antibacterial drugs such as amoxicillin.

The advent of penicillin in the 1920s saved countless lives of infected patients. Because people use antibiotics as a routine life-saving straw, they must be used regardless of disease.

The abuse of antibiotics not only delays the treatment of physical illnesses, but more importantly, because antibiotics are abused, it breaks the balance between the human body and microorganisms, kills the symbiotic bacteria that have been with us for a long time and is beneficial to us, leading to super bacteria The emergence of super bacteria, and this super bacteria is resistant, invulnerable, difficult to kill, and eventually will make some infections incurable.

Teach you a trick to easily distinguish between antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs

The names of antibiotics are quite regular. When I see the names of these 5 drugs in the future, the antibiotics are basically not gone:

• * Mycin: such as penicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin
• * Xilin: such as amoxicillin, methicillin

Cephalosporin * *: such as cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime

• * Floxacin: such as Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin
• * Nidazole: such as metronidazole, ornidazole

Can't remember too much? It doesn't matter, there is an easier way-just look at the instructions. If the instructions say "applicable to * * infections caused by bacteria", it is antibiotics.

In short, medication should be used with caution, abuse is harmful, and anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics should be used rationally to protect health!

Introduction: As women age, the function of the ovaries will gradually decline, which will lead to the emergence of permanent amenorrhoea. This is actually a normal physiological phenomenon for women. Don't feel too panic and anxious. Take it right. This matter, because there are many benefits after menopause, is also unsolicited. For example, for women with dysmenorrhea, they will never endure this kind of pain again after confirming it.

But many people don't know that after a woman's menopause, the body's immune function will decline, which will lead to a decrease in immunity and may cause women to be attacked by some diseases. Therefore, women must pay more attention to this stage of menopause and make some preparations in advance to improve immunity.

What is the manifestation of reduced immunity?

1. Frequent colds

If the human body's immunity is reduced, as long as the weather changes slightly and the clothes are not added or removed in time, the symptoms of a cold may appear, and this symptom usually takes a long time to heal. And it will happen repeatedly, so you should keep cold medicine at home, so when you find that your body has such an abnormal condition, you have to consider whether it is caused by a weakened immune system.

2. Easy to fatigue

People with low immunity usually have poor mental status. They tend to lose their energy at work, and feel very tired after working for a while. After going to the hospital for examination, there is no organic disease, as long as they rest for a period of time. , The spirit will be relieved, but after a few days, this fatigue and weakness will reappear. So if you feel that your mental state has deteriorated, it may also be caused by a decline in immunity.

3. Weak intestines and stomach

Decreased immunity may also be reflected in gastrointestinal health. If everyone eats out together, no one else is abnormal, but they have symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea. This indicates that the self-protection function of the gastrointestinal system is abnormal. This is also the case. A manifestation of low immunity.

4. The wound is susceptible to infection

If a family member or colleague has a cold, he is always easy to be infected, and the cold symptoms will be more obvious, this may be a problem with the resistance. On the other hand, if a certain part of the body is accidentally scratched and it is always red and swollen and pus is found, it will take a long time to get better, which also shows that the body's resistance is declining.

What should I do if a woman's immunity decreases after menopause? Suggestion: Do these 5 things well, or can help you

1. Avoid being sedentary

If you want to stay healthy after 50 years old now, you must avoid being sedentary, because prolonged sitting will affect the speed of blood circulation and is not conducive to the metabolism of the body. Over time, it will make the body healthy. The basal metabolic rate continues to decrease, which will affect immunity to a certain extent.

2. Exercise properly

At this stage of menopause, women will experience a series of uncomfortable symptoms, such as hot flashes and sweating, insomnia and dreaminess, and even their emotions will be greatly affected. If a woman is in a state of emotional instability for a long time, it will lead to exuberant anger, which will allow certain diseases to take advantage of it.

Therefore, women should do more exercises, such as dancing, yoga and other exercises, which can not only help women maintain their shape, but also relieve stress, but also increase the speed of metabolism, thereby helping to improve the body's resistance.

3. Appropriate supplementation of estrogen

When the menopause comes, the estrogen in the female body will drop sharply. Under the influence of estrogen, the female body will have some abnormal conditions, and it will lead to the advent of aging. At this stage, women should eat some foods rich in estrogen, such as soybeans, peanuts, etc., which can not only slow down the decline of ovarian function, but also help improve the body's immunity.

4. Properly bask in the sun

After women enter the menopause, a large amount of calcium in the body will be lost. If calcium cannot be supplemented at this time, bone health will be affected, which will cause some joint diseases or osteoporosis. In addition to supplementing calcium-rich foods, women must also properly bask in the sun, because they can help the absorption of calcium and improve the body’s immunity.

5. Eat more fruits and vegetables

After entering the menopause, due to hormone problems in the body, the female body has symptoms of discomfort. At this time, a lot of nutrients need to be supplemented. These drugs can only be obtained from fresh vegetables and fruits, such as broccoli, strawberries, kiwi, etc., these vegetables Fruits are rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber and other nutrients, which can help improve human immunity.

Conclusion: In daily life, if you want to improve immunity, you must improve your eating habits reasonably, eat more foods containing high-quality protein and vitamins, maintain a balanced diet, avoid eating spicy foods, and take less food eat. In addition, you must maintain a regular schedule, do not stay up late, and maintain eight hours of sleep a day; you must also perform long-term exercise based on your physical condition to control your weight and improve your immunity.

Galapagos NV recently released the positive top line results of a phase 1b study of tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) inhibitor glpg3667 in the treatment of psoriasis. Glpg3667 was discovered by Galapagos company and is a special selective Tyk2 compound. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 1b study, 31 patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were treated. In the study, patients were randomly assigned to oral glpg3667 (low or high dose) or placebo in a ratio of 1:1:1 for 4 weeks. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerance and clinical activity of glpg3667 at week 4.
The results showed that glpg3667 was well tolerated in phase 1b trial. One patient in the low-dose group was interrupted for one day due to deterioration of psoriasis. Most of the treatment-related adverse events (AE) were mild and transient. There were no deaths or serious adverse events in the four week study.
At week 4, 4 of 10 patients in the glpg3667 high-dose group achieved pasi50 response (psoriasis area and severity index [PASI] improved by at least 50% from baseline), and 1 of 10 patients in the placebo group achieved pasi50 response. However, there was no pasi50 response in glpg3667 low-dose group. The PASI scores of four responding patients in the glpg3667 high-dose group were improved by 52%, 65%, 74% and 81% respectively compared with the baseline, while one responding patient in the placebo group was improved by 52% compared with the baseline. At week 4, compared with placebo, high-dose glpg3667 also observed positive response signals for other endpoints (including affected body surface area, overall evaluation by doctors and patients).
Dr Walid ABI Saab, chief medical officer of Galapagos, said: "we are satisfied with the efficacy and safety of glpg3667 in patients with psoriasis after 4 weeks of treatment. Based on these results, we plan to launch the psoriasis global phase 2B project next year as part of our project to develop our selective oral Tyk2 inhibitor glpg3667, which aims to assess gplg3667 for a wide range of inflammatory indications. "
Dr Diamant Thaci, Professor of medicine at the comprehensive inflammatory medicine center of Lubeck University in Germany, said: "the pasi50 response score and other efficacy data after 4 weeks of treatment, combined with the observed safety, are very helpful to promote the compound to a larger scale psoriasis trial. The psoriasis population still needs more treatment options, especially oral therapy. "
Jyseleca filgotinib chemical formula (photo source: Wikipedia)
Galapagos is committed to the discovery and development of small molecule drugs with new mechanisms of action, some of which have shown good efficacy. Currently, the company is working with Gilead sciences to develop an oral anti-inflammatory drug, jyseleca (filgotinib).
Filgotinib is a highly selective Jak1 inhibitor, which was discovered and developed by Galapagos. Gilead and Galapagos reached an agreement with a total amount of US $2 billion at the end of December 2015 to jointly develop and commercialize filgotinib around the world. Due to the major setback in US regulation, the two sides revised the commercial and development agreement of filgotinib in December 2020. Galapagos will be responsible for the commercialization of filgotinib in Europe (the transition period is expected to be completed by the end of 2021), while Gilead will continue to be responsible for the distribution of filgotinib outside Europe, including Japan (where Gilead co sells filgotinib with Sinoma).
Filgotinib is being developed to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Jyseleca has been approved for marketing in the European Union, the United Kingdom and Japan for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who do not respond to or tolerate one or more disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). In terms of medication, jyseleca can be used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate (MTX).
At present, jyseleca's application for new indications for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is also under the regulatory review of the European Union, the United Kingdom and Japan. The specific application is for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) who lack response to conventional therapy or biological agents, lose response, or intolerance. It is worth noting that due to safety considerations, the US FDA has not approved any indications for jyseleca.