A new, more virulent and transmissible form of HIV has been discovered in Europe, infecting at least 109 people.

On February 3, academic journal science specialized papers to introduce the new HIV variants, the university of Oxford and the university of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, researchers in institutions such as named VB mutant strains, said its viral load is 3.5 to 5.5 times of ordinary after HIV infection, CD4 cells decreased for two times, in the case of the untreated, Intermediate stage of HIV infection is about 9 months after infection, compared with about 3 years for normal HIV infection.

The VB mutant may have existed for more than 30 years and is caused by de novo mutation of the virus rather than gene recombination. Its origin, virulence and infectivity… There are still plenty of mysteries to be solved.

The virus has been around for 30 years

In a previous study, researchers found that 17 hiv-infected people, 15 from the Netherlands, were infected with a new and unknown HIV mutation. When the study was expanded, 92 additional cases of infection with the new mutant strain were found.

Let's start with some data on the VB mutant.

Without treatment, CD4 cells decreased to 350 cells/mm³ in patients with the VB mutant in about 9 months, compared with 36 months in patients with conventional HIV. And enter the commonly recognized onset of AIDS, VB mutant infection about 2 to 3 years, routine infection about 6 to 7 years.

To explain the surge in virulence, the researchers looked at the mutant genome of the VB strain for clues. The report shows that the VB mutant carries a variety of mutations, with significant changes in its genome affecting nearly 300 amino acids. However, the genetic causes of increased virulence cannot be determined at a specific point due to their dispersion.

The mortality rate after treatment was similar to that of conventional HIV infection. This is because existing antiretroviral drugs, the standard treatment for HIV, are not less effective against VB mutant strains. At the same time, this may be one of the reasons why the VB mutant strain has not completely replaced conventional HIV.

In short, the virulence of the VB mutant and the duration of treatment are mutually affected. Due to the virulence of the VB mutant strain, both morbidity and mortality increase when untreated. However, due to the stronger virulence and shorter incubation period of VB mutant strain, the time for patients to show symptoms is faster, which accelerates the timely intervention of medical treatment.

How is the VB mutant produced? The researchers have yet to draw a definitive conclusion.

Unlike the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria as a result of antibiotic overuse, it is not a result of "survival of the fittest", as existing AIDS drugs remain sensitive to the VB mutant. Researchers have tentatively concluded that the mutation is likely due to the fact that the original infected person did not receive treatment for a long time.

Using statistical models of the data, the researchers found that the VB mutant was likely to have appeared in the Netherlands as early as the 1980s and had been spreading faster than other mutants in the early 2000s, but the rate of spread slowed significantly after 2010.

For similar reasons, rapid detection and intervention also reduced the risk of high-risk transmission of HIV infection, while screening and treatment were not fully available.

"Possible more deadly Novel Coronavirus variant"

"Is it 'sleep on brushwood and taste gall', or short high-gloss burning?" In an accompanying editorial, Professor Joel Wertheim, an expert on viral evolution at the University of California, San Diego, said the less virulent HIV is and the lower its viral load, the longer its host lives but the less able it is to spread. On the contrary, the host enters the onset stage more quickly and is more transmissible, but the transmission time is shorter.

Naturally, viruses tend to choose the middle ground. However, medical intervention has made the factors more complicated, and the selective drivers behind the evolution of HIV are still not fully explained.

The scientists hope to clarify the balance between virulence, infectivity and treatment. Previous studies have tried to determine the best time to treat HIV. One idea is that:

Without treatment, HIV is less likely to mutate into a more virulent form because the host becomes ill quickly, limiting transmission opportunities. And once too early, too wide spread treatment, may accelerate the emergence of highly virulent HIV.

The simple answer is, "If you're going to be blocked, you might as well be more virulent."

Credit: Cavallini James/BSIP/Science Photo Library

But the VB mutant was created before drugs were widely available, and this time the researchers suggest a different conclusion: widespread treatment helps prevent new virulent variants, because treatment reduces the progression of transmission, regardless of virulence.

In other words, if viruses can't replicate, they can't mutate.

The researchers also stressed that because the VB mutant is more harmful to the body's immune system, early diagnosis and early treatment are crucial.

In addition, this research is further extended to the field of novel Coronavirus. Scientists believe the finding points to the risk of a more deadly novel Coronavirus variant.

"The emergence of Omicron contributes to the idea that novel Coronavirus is becoming less lethal, but that is not how novel Coronavirus has evolved." Dr Emma Hodcroft, a molecular epidemiologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland.

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Professor Chris Wymant, one of the authors of the paper, said the discovery of the VB mutant was a warning: "We should not underestimate the evolutionary potential of viruses or be overconfident that they will only evolve in milder, less virulent directions."

"Since the first AIDS discovery in the United States in 1981, the viral load of patients at diagnosis has increased every decade, both before and after treatment became widely available." Professor Joel Wertheim said it was unclear how the virus would evolve in the future in response to human "siege".

But he also stressed that the emergence of a more virulent and contagious FORM of HIV was not a public health crisis and that existing methods of screening and treatment could still be effective.

Greece has reported 11,124 new cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 1,920,992, the Country's national Public Health Organization announced on Monday evening. A total of 23,372 people have died, with 97 new deaths reported.

A paper published recently in the Annals of Internal Medicine, a leading international scientific journal, has reportedly mentioned the possibility of re-infection in novel Coronavirus patients. Stavrola Paschu, Dioradora Pasaldobulu and Sanos Dimopoulos, professors at the University of Athens School of Medicine, summed up the main points of the paper.

The scientists involved in the study compared the risk of reinfection after infection with the Novel Coronavirus with the risk of infection in previously uninfected individuals when exposed to the Novel Coronavirus. The results showed that people who recovered after infection had an 80 to 98 percent lower risk of contracting the primary or alpha-variant of the virus compared to people who had not been vaccinated and had never been infected.

People who were previously infected had an 87 percent lower risk of reinfection, according to an analysis of the data. Meanwhile, infected people can maintain an 80% response rate to antibodies for seven months.

The results of the study did not cover patients infected with Delta or Omicron, and the scientists said further studies would be carried out on the efficacy and validity of antibodies in patients infected with the mutated strain.

Can antibiotics kill viruses as well as bacteria?

A: No, antibiotics can only kill bacteria, not viruses.

Why aren't antibiotics antiviral? Because viruses have no cell wall, they are a class of tiny, non-cellular microorganisms that contain a single nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) type and must host and replicate in living cells. There are four mechanisms of bactericidal action of antibiotics: inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, interaction with cell membrane, interference with protein synthesis and inhibition of nucleic acid transcription and replication. In layman's terms, antibiotics are drugs used to treat various bacterial infections or to suppress infections by disease-causing organisms.

Israel has reported its first case of Florona, or simultaneous infection with novel coronavirus and influenza viruses, according to media reports on 2 January. The potentially dangerous case was found in an unvaccinated young pregnant woman in Israel.

"On arrival she was diagnosed with both influenza and novel coronavirus infections. We tested again and the results were still positive." The patient's symptoms were 'mild' and she was discharged Thursday, said Dr. Arnon Vizhnitser, director of obstetrics and gynecology at the hospital.

"Last year, we had no flu cases in pregnant women or women giving birth. Now, we are seeing an increase in both novel coronavirus infections and influenza cases, with more and more pregnant women contracting influenza." "It's a huge challenge, dealing with a woman who has a fever during childbirth, and you don't know if it's coronavirus or flu," Says Wiznitser. Because the symptoms of influenza and novel coronavirus infections are very similar, the virus is currently attacking the upper respiratory tract."

Israel's Ministry of Health is reportedly evaluating the case to determine whether the combination of the two viruses could cause more severe illness. Health officials estimate that there may be many patients with dual infections who are not diagnosed.

Israel has seen a new wave of outbreaks as the Omicron variant swept through. According to projections, the number of new infections could peak at more than 50,000 a day during the current wave of the epidemic.

Nahla Abdul Wahab, a doctor at Cairo University Hospital, said the dual infection of the Novel coronavirus and influenza viruses could indicate that the patient's immune system has broken down because the body is letting in both viruses at the same time.

At the same time, as the global spread of Omicron accelerates, scientists are assessing the potential risk of various combinations of virus and novel Coronavirus variants. Paul Burton, chief medical officer of vaccine maker Moderna, warned last month that a combination of the Delta and Omicron variants could create new, more dangerous viruses.

What is the mode of transmission of novel Coronavirus?

Virus is a kind of non-cellular microorganism without complete cell structure, and must live in the cell parasitical, thereby duplicating and developing. From a scientific point of view, viruses are narrowly defined as "living organisms" that, once out of their host cells, quickly fail to adapt to their environment and die. So in order to survive, the virus has to infect. Unfortunately, this time the human body is one of the Novel Coronavirus infectious organisms.

1. Droplet transmission: droplets from coughing, sneezing and talking enter the surface of susceptible mucosa;
2. Contact transmission: Touching your mouth or nose after touching something that an infected person has touched can lead to transmission of the virus.
3. Airborne transmission: pathogens can remain infectious even after being spread over long distances;
4. Fecal-oral infection: that is, rotavirus exists in the feces of patients, and often pollutes water, food, clothing, toys, utensils, etc., after discharge. When healthy people come into contact with these items, they will enter the human body through the hand and mouth way, causing digestive tract lesions.

How does the Novel Coronavirus infect us?

We can think of the lung as a tree. Trees have trunks, branches, branches, and leaves. Lungs also have windpipes, bronchi, and alveoli. In trees, the leaves photosynthesize, sending nutrients back to the whole tree;

In the lungs, air passes through the various levels of the trachea, and eventually the alveoli allow oxygen to enter the blood.

The alveoli are not single, but in clusters, covered with blood vessels. It is these blood vessels that carry carbon dioxide to the alveoli (and eventually exhaled) and carry oxygen from the alveoli to the heart, where it flows throughout the body.

The so-called "COVID-19" is pneumonia caused by the Novel coronavirus infection. If your hand is caught in a door, swelling can quickly develop. This is also inflammation, which is essentially a lot of protein-rich fluid seeping into tissue space. When you clamp your hand, the fluid enters the tissue space of your finger and makes it swell up. In COVID-19, these fluids permeate between the alveoli and blood vessels, blocking the membrane of respiration and infiltrating the alveoli, blocking the normal exchange of oxygen. This is why some infected people experience swelling in their lungs when they press on them. For critically ill novel coronavirus infections, there is inflammation all over the lungs, blocking most of the hundreds of millions of alveoli, leaving the body starved of oxygen and unable to breathe. In severe cases, respiratory failure can occur, and ARDS can occur.

That is the working principle of ARDS, the novel Coronavirus critical death principle.

How important is immunity to preventing Novel Coronavirus?

Immunity is like an army in the body. It recognizes foreign objects (viruses, bacteria, etc.) when they invade and "fights" them when necessary. A small cut or common cold can heal itself over time.

Academician Zhang Boli also said, "In fact, we get this disease because it is the result of the game and struggle between the virus and the immune system of the human body. When the virus wins, it often gets sick. Therefore, if the resistance is improved, it is not easy to be infected, even if the infection is mild. So, in the same environment, people with low immunity are more likely to get sick than those with strong immunity!

So at this particular time of the epidemic,

How do we "activate" the body's immunity

Against Novel Coronavirus?

5 tips teach you to enhance immunity!

Eat healthy: Get enough nutrition

Staying at home, "healthy eating" is particularly easy to overlook: some people eat more casual, often full meal hungry meal, meal time irregular; Others eat with open stomach; Because the person buys vegetable inconvenient, and eat everyday more onefold, the choice that does not notice food and match, and caused nutrition partial waste. But in the face of the epidemic, we should pay more attention to the reasonable collocation of food, in order to ensure adequate nutrition intake, for the immune system to provide adequate material support!

The normal synthesis and operation of immune cells in our body are inseparable from the support of a variety of nutrients, so through dietary approaches, follow the relevant healthy dietary principles, with high-quality nutrition supply, can also help the body better enhance immunity!

Sleep regularly to prevent your immune system from weakening

Regularly skimping on sleep can lead to a sharp drop in the number of immune cells your body produces. Researchers at the University of Chicago found that people who slept only four hours a night had 50 percent less flu antibodies in their blood than those who slept seven to eight hours.

Action: Not getting enough sleep can lower your immune system, but it doesn't have to be eight hours, just waking up feeling rested in the morning.

Moderate exercise: stimulate the improvement of immunity

Epidemiological studies have shown that people who exercise regularly and moderately have a significantly lower risk of respiratory infections than those who sit for long periods of time. Foreign studies of runners show that they have significantly fewer colds per year and fewer total cold days.

Exercise can affect many aspects of the immune system to help boost immunity. Moderate exercise stimulates immunity, but if you exercise too much, will also lower immunity, so exercise must be moderate. For special periods, indoor exercise is recommended.

Be normal: Don't let panic overwhelm you

The outbreak of the epidemic, causing many people to panic, keep a good state of mind, can also improve our immunity. Studies at home and abroad show that if the mind is often in a state of anxiety, then autoimmune will be relatively low.

Experts point out that long-term emotional stress, will make the body become weak, and weak people are prone to infection. Because this kind of emotion can have a bad effect on the immune system, causing a series of brain reactions. We should actively prevent infection, pay attention to the emotional, psychological and behavioral reactions of ourselves and even our families, maintain a normal mind and stabilize our emotions.

Do not abuse drugs: induce bacterial drug resistance

Experts say there is no medical proof that antibiotics and anti-flu drugs protect against COVID-19. Self-medication is not recommended. Antibiotics do not kill or inhibit viruses, while abuse of antibacterial drugs will cause adverse drug reactions and induce bacterial resistance, and reduce human immunity, but will harm the health of the body.

Of course, usually love to drink often smoke have bad life habits should also try to avoid oh ~

As the flu season heats up in the depths of winter, some people are confused as to whether it is a cold, flu or novel coronavirus infection, as physical symptoms such as runny noses and sore throats emerge. 'Many of the symptoms are similar to those of a cold or flu,' said Sarah Ash Combs, a physician at Children's National Hospital in Washington, ACCORDING to CNN. 'The best thing to do is get tested for the virus.' To find out if there is novel coronavirus infection.

'If you don't get tested, it's really hard to tell at this point,' Combs said. As a precaution, she noted, flu-like symptoms "need to be treated at the same level as those in the novel coronavirus."

With many schoolchildren returning to school after winter break, Mr. Combs said that given the current situation in the United States, people should approach the symptoms of cold, flu and novel coronavirus with the same mindset.

She says it is important for children to be vaccinated against the flu virus. When children return to school, testing for the virus is an effective way to prevent the spread of the outbreak.

Novel Coronavirus infections and influenza often cause fever, fatigue, body aches, sore throat, breathing difficulties, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., according to the CENTERS for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

'Many of the initial symptoms of discomfort look almost like a cold or flu,' said Abdul El-Sayed, a former director of operations for Detroit's Health department. 'If you have a headache and a dry cough, it could be novel coronavirus infection. Loss of taste and smell are the most obvious signs of infection.'

Sayed said people should seek medical attention immediately if they experience severe chest pain, especially a worsening dry cough.

He analyzed that contact history is an important indicator to determine whether there is an epidemic, flu or cold. When the body began to feel uncomfortable, might as well start to recall the recent contact with the object, whether anyone diagnosed, at this time the best independent isolation, and accept rapid screening.

He said people should be alert if there has been a confirmed case close to them, even if they do not feel unwell. "I think we need to step up our preparedness because the Omicron strain is spreading like wildfire," he said.

John Torres, a former Colorado emergency physician and NBC medical commentator, said if you feel sick, it's best to assume you have the virus, including self-quarantine and testing until the hypothesis is ruled out.

"Wait until the virus test is negative to start thinking about whether it is a cold or flu, but until the test results are available, it is best to assume a novel coronavirus infection because there are many similarities between the three symptoms," he said.

The Novel Coronavirus pandemic has been sweeping the world for two years now, but we are no longer helpless against it as at the beginning. The development and birth of the novel coronavirus vaccine have to a certain extent stopped the pace of the virus, and it is only a matter of time for mankind to defeat the pandemic.
In just seven to eight months, scientists around the world have developed a vaccine against an entirely new virus. Why is it that HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, has been around for 40 years and there has been no successful vaccine?
There are not a few friends with such doubts, small U today to talk with you, why is HIV vaccine so difficult? First, because HIV directly attacks T cells
The function of vaccine is to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies and activate cellular immunity against the virus. Generally speaking, vaccine is a wanted notice, and T cells are responsible for receiving the wanted notice. When the real virus invades, T cells will sound the alarm at the first time and mobilize other immune cells to participate in the elimination of the virus. But for HIV this process completely fails, because HIV first attacks T cells (CD4 cells, a type of T cell), so normal cellular immunity does not apply to HIV. Second, the antibody design of the vaccine is complex and difficult
The effectiveness of the vaccine depends on the antibody, how much of it is produced, whether it is broad spectrum or specific to a single type of virus, how long it lasts after it is produced and so on, all of which affect whether the vaccine is effective or not. TIPS:
The function of antibody is to bind to the virus before the virus binds to the cell. For example, the virus has three three-eye plugs corresponding to the three-eye socket of the cell. As long as the antibody plugs the three plugs of the virus first, the virus cannot plug into the socket of the cell
Antibody production is not enough to neutralize all viruses, so the leakage of a small amount of virus can still lead to HIV infection (does not prevent infection, but can control the level of virus, reduce the destruction of CD4+T cells in the early gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue, and delay the progression of the disease); Non-broad-spectrum antibodies may be ineffective against other types of HIV (and may be ineffective against slightly mutated viruses); Short duration of antibodies means less protection, so either you keep getting vaccinated or you still risk infection.
Eventually, the virus mutates to escape immunity
Because the current HIV virus cannot be eliminated, its replication still exists, and it is inevitable that the virus will mutate and eventually escape immune control. So far, HIV vaccines have not been able to achieve very effective prevention.
Xiao U wants to say, at present cannot rely on the vaccine to prevent HIV infection under the circumstances, clean, avoid infection is the best policy. Note 1: AIDS was first recorded in medical history in 1959, in the plasma of an adult male in Congo. It contains HIV-1, the predominant form of the disease currently present in the 35 million people with AIDS. Before that, though there was no record of it, AIDS may have entered the body.
In 1998, 17 years after the 1981 AIDS epidemic in the United States, a team of researchers led by David Ho compared the earliest HIV samples from 1959 with the Simian immunodeficiency virus, an immunodeficiency virus carried by apes in the Congo. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and the ape-to-human transmission is estimated to have occurred between the 1940s and 1950s.
Later, the understanding of RNA was further improved, and SIV and HIV were notorious reverse transcriptional RNA viruses, so some scholars established complex mathematical models of RNA evolution. The mutation from simian SIV to Congo HIV in 1959 took 40 years to complete and is estimated to have occurred between 1910 and 1930.
Until 2014, the latest study dates back to 1920, when the first mutated FORM of SIV jumped from orangutans to humans and became HIV. The study is in the journal Science.

The high incidence and mortality rate of cancer make us shy about talking about "cancer" in our life. Most of our fear comes from our ignorance about cancer. After scientific understanding, you will find that cancer is not so terrible, it can be prevented and treated…

According to the International Union against Cancer: the world is diagnosed with 12 million cases of cancer every year, and about 20% of these cases are due to viral or bacterial infections!

In our daily life, we will inevitably come into contact with a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites and so on. Therefore, we should pay more attention to cancer caused by infection.

1

Beware of class 3 viruses, which may be carcinogenic factors

1

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) - primary liver cancer

It is well established that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increases the risk of liver cancer.

"Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer" is the "three steps" from viral hepatitis to liver cancer. According to investigation shows, about 70 ~ 80% of liver cancer develops by second liver and come, that is to say, if second liver is not treated in time standard, the likelihood and liver cancer were separated by one step only difference.

HBV infection itself has no direct cytotoxic effect, but the virus in vivo continues to replicate after phagocytic processing, will activate the immune response, induced liver immune pathological damage.

When liver cells are damaged, collagen fibers are generated to repair them. However, once collagen fibers accumulate too much, the liver will become soft and hard, forming cirrhosis. If not controlled, liver cancer may come to the liver.

Route of transmission

Blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission, sexual transmission.

Patient of chronic second liver can feel fatigue and lack of power, inappetable, disgusting and liver area unwell wait for clinical symptom commonly, companion has assay index at the same time abnormal.

The prevention methods

1, hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent hepatitis B. In particular, people with low immunity, family members of hepatitis B patients, medical personnel who have long-term contact with patients and other high-risk groups must be vaccinated in time.

2, for ordinary people, you can do a physical examination every year, including liver function, hepatitis B five items, these items help to find early whether the liver is infected by the virus.

2

Human papillomavirus (HPV) - Cervical cancer

The possibility of cervical cancer in women infected with human papillomavirus is significantly increased than that in women without infection, but this is not to say that infection with HPV is equal to cervical cancer, hundreds of HPV viruses, may cause cervical cancer only 13 high-risk type and 5 medium-risk type.

Up to 75 percent of women will be infected with HPV in their lifetime, and more than 80 percent of HPV infections can be cleared by the body's immune system, but the high-risk viruses that can't be cleared can cause persistent infections and increase the risk of cervical cancer.

The prevention methods

1, get HPV vaccine: now there are two, four, nine of these three types of HPV vaccine on the market, nine of the vaccine can prevent 90% of cervical cancer.

2. Regular screening: The main screening methods for cervical cancer include HPV examination, TCT examination and colposcopy.

TCT examination is recommended every 3 years for women aged 21 to 29. Women aged 30 to 65 had TCT every 3 years or TCT and HPV every 5 years; Women over 65 with normal results from regular tests may no longer be screened.

Route of transmission

HPV is mainly transmitted sexually, so it is also important to pay attention to sexual and menstrual hygiene to prevent cervical cancer.

If the occurrence of irregular vaginal bleeding, contact bleeding, white with blood color or rice soup like or have a fishy smell, lower limbs or private director wart, lumbago and lying down after the pain more obvious symptoms, to guard against cervical cancer.

3

Epstein-barr virus - nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoma

Epstein-barr virus (EPSTEin-Barr virus) is a herpes virus ubiquitous in the world. It is not only associated with nasopharyngeal and lymphatic cancers, but also with gastric, lung, breast and cervical cancers in recent years.

Typically, epstein-Barr virus enters the human body and remains dormant in B lymphocytes for a long time. The virus does not replicate and only expresses a small number of genes.

In the absence of external triggers and with normal immunity, they can remain dormant forever; However, when the immune function of the body is low, the latent EPstein-Barr virus will be activated and cause infection, which may eventually lead to nasopharyngeal cancer or other diseases in coordination with other factors.

Route of transmission

Epstein-barr virus is mainly transmitted through saliva, so the key to prevention is to pay attention to oral hygiene, including the use of chopsticks when eating together.

Early symptoms of epstein-Barr virus infection

Red rash on the palate of the mouth, or clusters of reddish papules on the face with red spots.

2

These bacteria may cause cancer

In addition to virus, some bacteria are also related to the occurrence of cancer, among which the most clear and representative is helicobacter pylori (Hp) and gastric cancer, the world Health Organization has listed Hp as the number one factor causing gastric cancer.

1

Helicobacter pylori - Stomach cancer

There are not many patients infected by Helicobacter pylori, which will enter the stomach with food and destroy the gastric mucosa. When the gastric mucosa is trapped in repeated destruction and repair for a long time, it may mutate and form tumors.

Route of transmission

Helicobacter pylori through oral cavity, saliva and other oral transmission, so there is a certain family aggregation, to prevent disease from entering the mouth.

Pay attention to the hygiene of tableware, clean and disinfect regularly; Eat less raw and cold food; You'd better get into the habit of using chopsticks when eating together. Can eat at ordinary times can protect the food of gastric mucosa, such as fungus food.

The harm of H. pylori to human body is not limited to the stomach, but also increases the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers, liver lesions, iron deficiency anemia of unknown cause, lymphatic hyperplastic gastric lymphoma and other diseases, must be standardized treatment. Currently, the commonly used "quadruple therapy" -- proton pump inhibitor + bismuth + two antibiotics, the course of treatment is generally 10-14 days.

In addition, screening for gastric cancer, including gastroscopy and Hp test, is recommended for ordinary people starting at age 40.

2

Long-term imbalance of intestinal flora -- Colorectal cancer

We all know that there are good and bad bacteria in the gut. Normally, the two are in balance, but when things get out of balance, some bad bacteria quickly take over.

Although no specific microbes have been linked to colorectal cancer, a significant number of cancer-promoting bacteria have been found in the human gut, including Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Helicobacter hepatis, Bacteroides, Firmicutes and Clostridium, and Lactococcus and Clostridium.

The structure of intestinal flora and its metabolites can affect the body's susceptibility to diseases, and may even directly induce pathological states such as colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the stability of intestinal flora.

Maintain a healthy gut

1, dietary fiber: can shorten the residence time of feces in the intestinal tract, reduce the absorption of harmful substances, but also enhance probiotics, improve the intestinal barrier function. Because this appropriate eat coarse grain, vegetables and fruits is very important.

2. Resistant starch: it can be fermented by intestinal microbes to generate butyric acid and other short-chain fats, enhance intestinal cell immunity and assist in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.

Daily can add a small amount of sweet potatoes, potatoes, corn and other foods containing resistant starch.

The body is a unified whole, local organ damage may also cause abnormalities in other organs. If you are infected by the above bacteria or viruses, it is recommended to seek medical advice in time to avoid worsening the condition.

But it is not to say that once infected will certainly cause cancer, as long as we timely treatment, block the development of the disease, while removing harmful bacteria or viruses, can also prevent the occurrence of cancer.

A team at the university of ois has developed a new molecule that can be attached to the surface of the sars-co-2 virus particles. This attachment prevents the virus from entering the body cells and spreading infection. The newly developed molecules belong to a group of compounds called RNA ligands, which are based on the same type of building blocks for mrna vaccines. This makes them cheaper and easier to make than those currently used to treat covid-19 and using fast antigen tests to detect virus infections.A ligand is a piece of DNA or rnait, which folds into a three-dimensional structure that identifies interested specific targets. By putting itself attached to the surface of the virus, the RNA adaptor prevents the prosin protein as the "key" that allows the virus to enter the cell.So, RNA fitness is not a new vaccine, but a compound that can stop the virus from being transmitted in the body once someone is exposed to the virus. The efficient combination of the sars-co-2 virus also means that the adapter can be used to detect the covid-19 infection."We have begun testing new fitness in quick tests," said professor rgen kjems of ogois university. "we expect to be able to detect very low concentration of viruses," he is the main author of the article, which was published in the famous magazine, the pnasese.The study of cell culture shows that the adaptors are effective in the previous variants of the new coronavirus tested by researchers."Since we submitted the article to peer review, we continue to study and can show that it can also recognize the delta variant. Now we are waiting for the new discovery variant -- the ammikon sample so that we can test whether the adaptor can also identify it," said rgen kjems.He stressed that the results of the delta were not reviewed and published by peer.