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This is a myth. When it comes to drug addiction, the key is to pay attention to the type of drug and to control the dosage. Follow your doctor's instructions and take the drug in moderation.

Analgesics are generally divided into two categories. One is anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs that act on the peripheral system and can be purchased in pharmacies with a doctor's prescription. The commonly used analgesics include aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol, etc., which are not addictive in themselves. The other is the effect on the central nervous system, with morphine, tramadol hydrochloride and other drugs as the representative, although have addictive, but under the guidance of doctors will not appear addictive phenomenon.

Clinically, drug addiction refers to people's dependence on a certain drug. When they stop taking it, it will cause special symptoms, forming a state of discomfort or even extreme pain when they stop taking it. With painkillers, especially oral administration, there is very little risk of addiction. Since drug tolerance (physical dependence) is a state of reduced responsiveness of the human body to the drug, it often occurs after repeated use of the drug, and it is necessary to increase the dose or the number of times of administration to maintain the efficacy, but after a period of withdrawal, its tolerance will gradually disappear and return to the original level of response to the drug.

It should be noted that the public's fear and concern about "addiction" to painkillers is the root cause of pain that can not be effectively controlled. If the pain person refuses to use morphine and other painkillers, and allows the pain to develop, it can also bring a series of side effects. In fact, the scientific and regulated use of painkillers is not addictive. Doctors and pharmacists will carefully choose drugs according to the patient's pain situation, and develop individualized analgesic treatment plan, so as to alleviate the patient's pain to the greatest extent and reduce adverse reactions.

Recently, the reporter learned from the first hospital of Baoding orthopedic department, now, orthopedic outpatient department encountered the most patients is knee joint osteoarthritis patients. "In the process of communicating with patients, I found that many patients have insufficient understanding of this disease, there are some misunderstandings, which have a great impact on the protection and treatment of the knee joint." This hospital bone 3 branch deputy director An Ming introduction. So what should we do in the face of knee osteoarthritis?

Young people can also develop osteoarthritis of the knee

Knee osteoarthritis is also known as knee degenerative disease, senile arthritis and so on. The aging of the knee joint caused by the growth of age is the main cause, obesity, heavy physical labor will also increase the aging speed. Osteoarthritis of the knee may involve any of the three compartments of the knee or a combination of them. What we often call "bowleg" is severe involvement of the medial compartment. In contrast, when the lateral compartment is most heavily involved, the leg is X-shaped.

However, it is important to note that this disease is not exclusive to the elderly. Some of the younger patients' knees have receded to look like those in their 70s and 80s.

The main early symptoms are the following

When you have one or more of the following symptoms, you may have early osteoarthritis of the knee.

Arthritis pain: knee pain after going up and down stairs, squatting, walking for a long time and climbing mountains, and knee pain gradually aggravates, and the frequency of pain attacks is also increasing.

Joint stiffness: sedentary, tightness of the knees after getting up in the morning, gradually feeling normal after a few minutes of activity.

Beat soft: feel the knee joint is weak, when walking feebly.

The back of the knee joint is tense, cramping and stretching.

Swelling and fever of the knee after movement or cold.

Avoid strenuous exercise and keep your knees warm

Here are some things you need to know when you are diagnosed with osteoarthritis:

Osteoarthritis is an aging disease that cannot be cured or reversed. Frayed cartilage and meniscus cannot regenerate. Therefore, do not blindly listen to folk remedies or medical advertisements, which will only increase the physical and economic burden.

Avoid long-distance fatigue running, climbing, up and down the high stairs; Obese people should lose weight; Avoid high heels and wear soft, springy sneakers.

Keep warm. Due to the lack of protection of muscle and adipose tissue in the knee joint, there is not enough heat supply, so don't sit and lie in the cold and wet place at ordinary times, and pay attention to the knee joint to strengthen warmth.

Exercise should choose the knee load is small, can maintain the knee range of motion and can increase muscle strength exercise. Such as walking, swimming, cycling and so on.

This disease requires individualized treatment according to different levels and stages of the disease. The ultimate goal of treatment is to relieve or eliminate pain, improve joint function, and improve the patient's quality of life. Traditional Chinese medicine treatments such as massage, hyperthermia, hydrotherapy, acupuncture and massage can relieve pain symptoms and stiffness of joints. Medical treatment or knee replacement can be performed on the advice of a professional.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world continues to rise, leading to a continuous increase in diabetes treatment needs and medical burden. With the progress of science and technology, social needs, hypoglycemic drugs continue to change, hypoglycemic programs become more diverse.
"Classic" traditional hypoglycemic drugs, such as sulfonylureas, metformin α- Glucosidase inhibitors and insulin still occupy half of the hypoglycemic world; However, the rise of new hypoglycemic drugs, such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (dpp-4i), glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (glp-1ra), sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (sglt2i), set off a new trend of hypoglycemic "popularity"“ How to treat and choose "classic" and "popular"?
Break the inherent impression and understand the characteristics of drugs from multiple dimensions
Compared with traditional oral hypoglycemic drugs, new hypoglycemic drugs have different hypoglycemic mechanisms and sites. At present, most people think that the new hypoglycemic drugs have good hypoglycemic safety and low risk of hypoglycemia. Besides hypoglycemia, they can also obtain multiple benefits such as heart and kidney, blood pressure control and weight control. However, the hypoglycemic effect is not strong enough and it is not suitable for patients with poor islet function. So far, insulin therapy is still an important means to control blood glucose.
The majority of diabetic patients' understanding of insulin is that they are suitable for patients with long course of T2DM and poor function of islets. They have strong hypoglycemic effect and wide indications, but insulin can increase body weight and increase side effects such as low blood sugar risk. At the same time, insulin needs to be refrigerated and stored. Before injection, it needs to be disinfected and the needle needs to be replaced, which brings inconvenience to life. The research on insulin and new hypoglycemic drugs is constantly in-depth exploration and progress, in order to meet the needs of patients with good curative effect, convenient use and high safety.
Popularity ≠ flash in the pan
Representatives of new hypoglycemic drugs include dpp-4i, glp-1ra and sglt2i. Dpp-4i reduces the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 by inhibiting DPP-4; Glp-1ra can reduce blood glucose by activating GLP-1 receptor. Sglt2i can reduce renal glucose threshold and promote urine glucose excretion by inhibiting SGLT2, which is responsible for reabsorption of sodium and glucose from urine. Some new drugs can reduce blood glucose, maintain or reduce weight, control blood pressure, protect heart and kidney, etc.
Because cardiovascular disease (CVD) is easily associated with diabetes mellitus, which seriously affects the quality of life and life expectancy of patients, cardiovascular benefits of new drugs have attracted much attention and favor. Cardiovascular outcome trails (cvot) of new drugs have emerged one after another. Table 1 shows the completed cvot outcomes.
Table 1 cvot outcomes of completed dpp-4i, glp-1ra and sglt2i
In terms of cardiovascular outcome, the main evaluation criteria were composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (3p-mace), which was the combination of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke. Renal outcomes, including proteinuria progression, end-point events. Some sglt2i and glp-1ra have significant cardiovascular protection and renal endpoint benefit. This suggests that some new drugs have multiple benefits while lowering blood glucose, and can delay the occurrence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and vascular complications in diabetic patients.
Classic ≠ invariable
The development of insulin has experienced a long time, and constantly updated. In early twentieth Century, Banting and his assistant successfully extracted animal insulin from the pancreas of dogs and used it for the treatment of diabetes. In the 1980s, with the breakthrough of genetic engineering / recombinant DNA technology, human insulin began to be widely used in clinic because of its high homology, less adverse reactions such as allergy and less daily insulin consumption.
In the 1990s, insulin analogues came out, which are highly homologous with physiological insulin secretion, with rapid onset and metabolism, higher safety, flexible administration mode, and better simulation of physiological insulin secretion mode. After the 21st century, a new generation of insulin analogues was born. The use of fast acting insulin (such as insulin aspart and insulin lispro) during meals makes the injection time more free and convenient, and can be injected before or during meals; The drug release of super long acting insulin (specific hexamer structure, such as degulin, etc.) is slower, which can further reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
At present, there are three kinds of insulin, which are basal insulin, postprandial insulin and premixed insulin. Basic insulin is injected once a day to control basic blood glucose. Insulin was injected before meals to control postprandial blood glucose. Premixed insulin can give attention to both basic blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. In addition to the innovative structure of insulin, the current technological innovation is also reflected in the dosage form and administration mode.
The innovative dosage form has to be insulin tigro / insulin aspart, which is a combination of 70% insulin tigro and 30% insulin aspart. After one injection, it works independently and complements each other. It is injected once or twice a day with the main meal, while taking into account the basic blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. Compared with the traditional basic postprandial scheme, the injection times and dose are improved. The current research direction focuses on insulin weekly preparation, intelligent insulin patch, oral insulin capsule, etc., which are all in the clinical research stage. The progress of these studies is bound to bring more convenient, safe and efficient treatment experience to diabetic patients.
On the premise of "reaching the standard of blood glucose", hypoglycemia is the last word
With the changes of the times, the concept of hypoglycemia is also evolving, but blood glucose control is still the core of many ideas. The guidelines for type 2 diabetes published by the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Association in 2020 suggested that Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determined by standardized testing can be used as a supplementary diagnostic standard for diabetes in laboratories with strict quality control. This is the first time that HbA1c has been included in the diagnosis of diabetes in China. At the same time, it is also proposed that controlling HbA1c is the first goal.
Figure 1 no matter how the guidelines change, controlling blood sugar is always the core
Among all kinds of drugs, insulin decreased HbA1c by 1.5-3.5%, with the most obvious effect, while dpp-4i, glp-1ra and sglt2i decreased HbA1c by 0.4-0.9%, 1.0-1.5% and 0.5-1.5%, respectively (Table 2). No matter which hypoglycemic regimen is chosen, blood glucose should be considered.
Table 2 Comparison of characteristics of various hypoglycemic drugs
Insulin can be combined with some new hypoglycemic drugs, and the combination of drugs with complementary mechanisms is more effective for blood glucose. Basic insulin and premixed insulin can be used in combination with the three new drugs. Adding dpp-4i, glp-1ra or sglt2i to hypoglycemic regimen can reduce insulin resistance, reduce insulin dosage, offset weight gain to a certain extent, and increase patient compliance. At present, there are compound preparations of glp-1ra and basic insulin, such as glargine insulin, lisnatide compound preparation, degu insulin, liraglutide injection, etc. when the dosage of insulin is the same or lower, the hypoglycemic effect is better than that of basic insulin, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain.
Looking for a hypoglycemic method suitable for Chinese people
What kind of hypoglycemic method is suitable for Chinese people? The choice of treatment for diabetes patients will be considered in many ways. The efficacy, safety and convenience are essential. Patients' willingness and economic cost are also important.
Figure 2 diabetes treatment options need multiple considerations.
According to the recommendation of the 2020 edition of China 2 diabetes guideline, when patients' blood sugar is not well controlled or HbA1c is not up to standard, drug therapy can be started on the basis of lifestyle intervention. The first choice is oral metformin, if it is still not up to the standard, it can be combined according to the specific situation: glp-1ra or sglt2i is preferred for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); Combined with chronic kidney disease, sglt2i is the first choice, glp-1ra is the second choice; Combined with heart failure, the first choice is combined with sglt2i, if not combined with the above diseases, other different types of hypoglycemic drugs can be selected for combination [1].
Insulin treatment can be divided into 2 cases, one is short-term intensive insulin treatment, usually for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, HbA1c or more than 9% or fasting blood glucose is more than 11.1 mmol/L, can be 2 weeks to 3 months of short-term intensive insulin treatment. The second is that HbA1c ≥ 7.0% after 3 months of conventional oral hypoglycemic drug treatment. If the oral hypoglycemic drug has poor blood glucose control, the first step is to start subcutaneous injection of basal insulin or premixed insulin for 1-2 times. If the blood glucose is still not up to the standard, the second step is to start multiple injections of basal + intraprandial insulin or premixed insulin [2].
Figure 3 hypoglycemic therapy in China's type 2 diabetes
Insulin and new drugs can also be combined or combined. Studies have shown that insulin combined with dpp-4i can significantly reduce HbA1c and insulin dosage compared with insulin alone [3]. The mechanism of basal insulin combined with glp-1ra is complementary, which can control the blood glucose level of patients more comprehensively, significantly reduce HbA1c and weight, and reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia [5, 6]. In theory, the hypoglycemic mechanism of sglt2i is independent of insulin, and the combination of sglt2i and basal insulin is ideal, with less hypoglycemic events [7].
In terms of composition of compound preparation, degu insulin / liraglutide mixture is the first mixture product of basic insulin and glp-1ra. The latest research in Chinese population has confirmed that the mixture has more decrease in HbA1c, higher compliance rate and lower risk of hypoglycemia compared with insulin degu alone or liraglutide alone. Compared with the insulin degu group, the body weight gain was less and the daily insulin dose was less [8]. Premixed insulin, such as insulin aspart 30, can also be combined with new hypoglycemic drugs with definite curative effect. It can be used as both initial insulin therapy and intensive insulin therapy, with lower medical cost and better safety.
Summary
The incidence rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing, science and technology are progressively improving, and market and technology have been promoting the continuous updating of hypoglycemic drugs. Whether for insulin or new hypoglycemic drugs, we should understand it from multiple dimensions. In the selection of hypoglycemic program, we should consider the needs of Chinese people, take HbA1c standard as the core, make the program according to different people, and appropriately integrate the classic and popular.

It is very important to people's liver organ, the liver inflammation the health effects of very large, acute hepatitis and viral hepatitis are two different diseases, but high risk because of the same is often confused and some inexperienced doctors for some patients, but in fact these two diseases are much different, if you can't distinguish good, treatment is not correct, Will bring a lot of unnecessary pain to patients, then today by the director of Wang Yuan to take you to understand what is the difference between acute hepatitis and viral hepatitis?

What is viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is by the virus and liver disease, which is formed by the infection of this disease has two kinds of classification, a for acute, a for chronic and acute viral hepatitis of obvious symptoms, patients often have nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, skin and iris has the possibility of yellow, it is also because of a kind of expression of liver disease cause jaundice. Chronic viral hepatitis, on the other hand, is relatively mild and easy to detect, showing signs of fatigue, bloating and bloating.

What is acute hepatitis

Acute hepatitis is actually a kind of classification of viral hepatitis, indicating that the onset is more rapid, the disease spread faster, and the symptoms will be very obvious, if acute viral hepatitis can not be treated in time and effectively, it will be transformed into chronic viral hepatitis, and chronic disease is more difficult to treat than acute attack period.

After acute hepatitis is being cured, also need to make check to the hospital regularly, because of liver disease repeatedly break out sex is taller, if very good ego cannot be done after treatment recuperate, can turn chronic toxic hepatitis below the circumstance that breaks out repeatedly.

Everybody knew what distinction to have after all acute hepatitis and viral hepatitis now, actually acute hepatitis and viral hepatitis are same kind of disease, just this kind of disease has acute and chronic cent normally. The cure method of method of cure of common viral hepatitis and acute viral hepatitis nevertheless still have certain distinction, should check clear redecide cure plan so.

Guide language: chronic cor pulmonale is clinically common heart and respiratory system disease, is closely related to smoking, is mainly due to the lung, pulmonary vascular or thoracic chronic disease, their illnesses out painless, harm is bigger, the case fatality rate is high, the impact on the quality of life in patients with late, some patients complicated with respiratory, heart failure and death.

01
The course of chronic pulmonary heart disease is slow, the harm is great, and the pathogenesis is complex

1, an overview of the

Chronic cor pulmonale, referred to as "cor pulmonale, clinical disease is the main pathophysiological basis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, the resulting pulmonary vasoconstriction and the change of the structure, lead to the right ventricle hypertrophy of expansion and, to induce chronic cor pulmonale, illnesses out slowly, harmfulness is large, some patients complicated with heart failure and even death.

The prevalence of the disease in the northern and central regions of the country is 15 percent of the population aged over 15 years, with an estimated 25 million people affected nationwide.
There was no "pulmonary heart disease" in ancient Chinese medicine, but it belongs to the category of "lung distension" and "asthma syndrome" in modern Chinese medicine.
At present, the focus of research on chronic cor pulmonale is on the classification of syndromes and the effectiveness and mechanism of TCM treatment.

Different treatment schemes have been reported by different doctors. The research on the syndrome elements and the correlation between the syndromes is not very in-depth, and there is no TCM treatment scheme that has been widely recognized and can be promoted.
In clinical syndrome differentiation, there is a lack of syndrome specification of chronic cor pulmonale.
The differences in the understanding of TCM syndromes and characteristics of TCM syndromes are not conducive to the prevention and treatment of TCM, as well as the promotion and application of TCM, and greatly limit the in-depth and development of related research.

2. Pathogenesis

Chronic pulmonary heart disease is mainly caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), primary pulmonary hypertension, severe retrospinal process and sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and other diseases, which are delayed, mistreated and eventually developed.

Pulmonary hypertension is the main pathological basis, the formation of pulmonary hypertension factors include: 1, functional factors, mainly chronic hypoxia, acid accumulation, causing pulmonary vasoconstriction, increased pressure, forming manifestations of pulmonary hypertension.
II. Anatomic factors: the alveolar structure is destroyed, which further leads to vascular bed damage, inflammation involving small vessels leads to vasculitis, and chronic hypoxia leads to the destruction of pulmonary vascular institutions and pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Among them, functional factors are the main factors of the disease. Persistent pulmonary hypertension, which exceeds the load of the right heart, leads to compensatory right heart hypertrophy, which can then develop into right heart failure. In addition, repeated pulmonary infection, acid-base balance disorder, and chronic hypoxia can further damage the myocardium and aggravate heart failure.
Chronic cor pulmonale is the terminal stage of lung disease. The pathological process is related to the abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to harmful gases, particles and pathogenic microorganisms.

Smoking is a kind of potential risk factors, long-term smoke exposure causes pulmonary vascular reconstruction of rsa, the smoke stimulated repeatedly respiratory tract mucous membrane can cause mucus gland hyperplasia, mucus secretion increased, ciliary motion is abate, trypsin activity, lysozyme level, elevated levels of circulating immune complex, result in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, epithelial cells such as PKC activation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the formation of pulmonary hypertension.

Exposure to chemical raw materials and occupational dust can directly cause damage to bronchial mucosa and lung tissue. The main pathological changes are inflammatory infiltration and obvious lymphocyte reaction.
Among the air pollutants, the ones that have the greatest impact on human beings are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine gas, sulfur dioxide and total suspended matter.
Atmospheric particles are inhaled and deposited in the alveoli, causing the increase of interleukin-6 and TNF-a in the body cells, mediating the immune inflammatory response, and finally causing the damage to the structure and function of airway mucosal epithelium and respiratory system.

3. Clinical manifestations

Chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPH) is a chronic disease of lung deficiency, lung gas loss or lung gas loss, airway obstruction, lung fullness, and failure to condense and drop. Few people have no cough or sputum, and seek medical treatment simply with slight shortness of breath, chest tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitation.
According to the severity of the syndromes of chronic cor pulmonale, clinical syndrome differentiation can be guided.

The patient only saw chest swelling and fullness, slight cough and asthma, fatigue, relatively mild syndrome, stable condition.
Where see agitated, phlegm more difficult to be, can not supine, nasal alar incitement mouth and shoulder, prompt critical condition.
If you see signs of delirium and panting, your condition is critical and you need urgent treatment.

02
To understand the syndromes and syndromes of chronic pulmonary heart disease, Chinese medicine has a unique insight into the disease

1. General situation

According to the epidemiological survey, women have a slightly higher prevalence rate of chronic cor pulmonale in rural areas than men. The reason may be that the living standard in rural areas is relatively poor, resulting in poor room environment, more smoke and dust in the air, combined with the influence of dietary habits, women are more affected by the environment.

However, with the improvement of living standards in recent years, the incidence of chronic cor pulmonale in women is significantly lower than that in men, while the incidence of chronic cor pulmonale in men is significantly higher than that in women due to risk factors such as smoking.
For patients with chronic pulmonary history, it is recommended to quit smoking clinically. Long-term smoke exposure leads to pulmonary vascular reconstruction and multiple inflammatory reactions of airway mucosa, thus aggravating the development of the disease.

Chronic pulmonary heart disease is mainly composed of a variety of chronic lung diseases, repeated attacks, prolonged and difficult to heal the development, combined with such patients have a history of chronic pulmonary diseases, the elderly healthy qi is relatively weak, the function of the viscera decreased, the lungs and kidney deficiency, the healthy qi weakness can not protect outside, evil gas is easy to penetrate the viscera, susceptible to evil disease.
Therefore, age is one of the main factors affecting chronic cor pulmonale, and the incidence of disease increases with age.

Therefore, for patients with cor pulmonale in remission period because of the attention to health to enhance the healthy qi, pay attention to regulating the spleen and stomach, prevent the deterioration of pathogenic feelings, vigilance from becoming.
The incidence of chronic cor pulmonale is mostly concentrated in the Qingming Festival, Grain Rain, Winter Solstice, Minor Cold, Snow, that is, spring and winter festival, followed by autumn, the least in summer.
It is mainly concentrated in winter and spring. In this season, the climate changes are more intense, and the disease is mainly caused by cold pathogenic factors. The human body is relatively deficient in Yang Qi.

2. Distribution of syndromes

According to the comprehensive literature and clinical studies, the common empirical syndromes of chronic pulmonary heart disease include: phlegm heat obstructing the lung and phlegm turbidity obstructing the lung; deficiency syndromes include deficiency of qi and Yin in lung and kidney and deficiency of qi in lung and kidney, and deficiency and deficiency of qi in lung and kidney are more common; deficiency and deficiency are mainly: deficiency of Yang and flooding in water, deficiency of lung and kidney and qi and phlegm stasis obstructing the lung.
Chronic pulmonary heart disease, lung qi stagnation, spleen dysfunction, body fluid is not normalized.

Lung heart disease with phlegm turbidities obstructs the lung, and the disease is long and deep. The lung deficiency cannot be treated, regulate the operation of blood vessels, and the blood is unable to promote blood vessels. Then the blood becomes astringent and stagnant, forming the syndrome of lung and kidney qi deficiency, phlegm stasis and lung obstruction.
In the early stage, chronic cor pulmonale originated from the lungs and extended to the spleen and kidney, mostly belonging to deficiency of Qi and deficiency of Qi and Yin.

In the late stage, the main diseases are lung, kidney and heart, deficiency of qi and Yang, or deficiency of Yin and Yang. Clinically, deficiency of qi and Yin and deficiency of lung and kidney are more common.
In clinical treatment, due to the two aspects of treating the root cause and treating symptoms, dispelling pathogenic factors and strengthening positive factors are applied together, which is standard and solid. The treatment principle is mainly to dispelling pathogenic factors and promoting lung, lowering qi and resolving phlegm, warming Yang and promoting water, etc.

3. Distribution of syndrome elements

According to the literature and clinical study results, the main disease location elements of chronic cor pulmonale are lung, kidney, spleen, heart, mind, surface, meridians and so on.
Chronic cor pulmonale disease is first in the lung, then affect the spleen and kidney, later can reach the heart, the heavy involvement of the mind.
A variety of chronic pulmonary diseases lead to lung deficiency and loss, the lung does not host qi, then the lung main qigong disorder, the lung is not declared healthy, it is difficult to turbidity qi out, and difficult to clear qi in.

If the qi machine is blocked between the lungs, the lung is not declared to be reduced, the water function is abnormal, and the phlegm and turbidities are endogenous, and the airway is blocked, the lung distention disease such as chest swelling, cough and asthma appears.
Spleen is the main transport and source of phlegm. Spleen is the mother of lung. Lung disease affects kidney, lung qi deficiency is damaged, and son disease affects mother.

The syndromes of disease are: phlegm, qi deficiency, heat, Yin deficiency, blood stasis, Yang deficiency, water drinking, water stagnation, dampness, external wind, cold, closed and so on.
The basic pathogenesis of chronic cor pulmonale is always the original deficiency and standard solid. The lesion is in the lung in the early stage, then affects the spleen and stomach, and in the late stage, affects the heart, xinshen, meridians and collaterals.
In general, Qi deficiency and Qi Yin deficiency are the main ones, with the combination of phlegm and turbidities, water drinking and blood stasis as the marks. The original deficiency and evil solid are each other's cause and effect.

Conclusion: The disease location elements of chronic cor pulmonale are mainly concentrated in lung, kidney, spleen, heart, etc.
The main symptoms are phlegm, qi deficiency, heat and so on.
The general characteristics of the disease are: deficiency and solid mixed, the acute phase is mainly solid, the remission phase is mainly deficiency.
At present, there are many diagnosis and treatment methods for this disease, but there is no ideal drug for effective targeted treatment. Therefore, research on the pathogenesis of pulmonary heart disease and early intervention treatment can delay the development of the disease and improve its prognosis, which has important benefits for patients.

Doctor, I checked on baidu, asthma is likely self-healing, then my child's asthma can not be treated?

Before we can answer that question, we need to understand what asthma really is.

Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.

Chronic airway inflammation refers to the swelling of airway wall, increased mucus secretion and contraction of airway smooth muscle in children with asthma, which leads to lumen narrowing.

Airway hyperresponsiveness refers to airway sensitivity and vulnerability, especially after exposure to cold air, physical and chemical stimuli, allergens, hyperventilation and exercise, a series of reactive symptoms will appear.

Asthma can be compared to a huge iceberg. The wheezing symptoms are just the tip of the iceberg at sea level, and there is a huge ice body under the sea. This is the chronic inflammation of asthma, so we need to treat not only the wheezing symptoms, but also the chronic airway inflammation of the huge ice body below the sea level.

Why treat asthma, and what risks does it pose to children?

Asthma mainly affects lung function.
Impairment of lung function will lead to decreased exercise endurance, affect the children's collective living and athletic ability, and continue to have persistent impairment of lung function in adulthood, especially in old age. Daily life will also be affected, such as walking, climbing, climbing stairs, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema.
In China, when the cognition of asthma is insufficient, the death caused by the acute attack of asthma is the main harm of asthma.
And asthma caused by growth retardation especially short height is also more common.
It also causes children's inferiority, a variety of psychological problems, a variety of family problems and parents' anxiety, increasing the family's medical costs and so on.
Our beloved Chairman Mao died of emphysema, and the famous singer Teresa Teng did not escape an acute attack of asthma.

So can asthma heal itself?

Infants and young children with the growth of age, the growth and development of the lung and immune function gradually mature, indeed, some infants and young children wheezing gradually relieved, after 6 years of age, wheezing attacks reduced, or even no attack.
Studies have now shown that 80 percent of adults with asthma have impaired lung function, with their first wheezing episode occurring within the age of 3.
And some children with asthma who seem to heal on their own suddenly have an asthma attack, a relapse, later in life.
Asthma in outpatient service, there is a child's mother, talk to the doctor says she is breathing frequently, in elementary school before the parents did not seriously, junior high school of time don't breathe heavily, suddenly thought of asthma have self-healing, result in again breathing again and again, since the birth of her baby, now is also a long-term drug use, drug withdrawal.

So if a child already has impaired lung function, don't try to heal itself years later, which may or may not occur.
If a child is normal lung function, the number of breath is not a lot, allergen detection basic normal, no asthma or repeated wheezing family members in the family, is that you can consider to clinical observation, if there are still breathing frequently attack, review or breath nitric oxide have abnormal lung function, to start the treatment of asthma.

Rheumatoid arthritis patients to adhere to the treatment, but also to eat!
A growing body of evidence suggests that changing diet can improve symptoms and reduce the number of inflammatory markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Nutritional treatment plays an important role in this autoimmune disease.
Remove and add some food or nutrition supplements, is often thought of as a potential method for effect of rheumatoid arthritis, but researchers at the university of California, San Diego school of medicine in the United States, recently at the American rheumatism association annual meeting in Atlanta, a study has shown that in just two weeks, anti-inflammatory diet can improve the symptom such as rheumatoid arthritis patients with tenderness and swelling.
The sample size of the pilot study was small, with only 22 women with rheumatoid arthritis (all seropositive) with an average age of 55 taking part in the two-week trial.
These patients had at least three tender and three swollen joints on physical examination.
They were given diets that increased the ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to omega-6 fatty acids, added anti-inflammatory spices (such as turmeric), antioxidants, probiotics and prebiotics, and removed inflammation-boosting foods such as lactose, gluten and red meat.
What are omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids?
Among the essential unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids are a love-killing couple.
The balance between the two is vital to human health.
Omega-3 fatty acids soothe and suppress inflammation, preventing a variety of chronic diseases;
Its main sources are deep-sea fish and fish oils.
Omega-6 fatty acids promote inflammation, which can lead to health problems.
Its main sources are corn, soybeans and processed products, such as various vegetable oils, fried foods and pork, beef and mutton.
Modern people tend to consume far more omega-6 fatty acids than the body needs to metabolize, which often has the side effect of inflammation.
In fact, the most reasonable ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to omega-6 fatty acids is 4:1.
How is disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis assessed?
Two weeks before the start of the study, the researchers collected clinical and biological characteristics of each participant at baseline, and measured their symptoms and disease activity using two standard measures (DAS28 and CDAI).
In DAS28, DAS stands for "disease activity score" and 28 is the number of joints examined.
The score was calculated from a range of measures, including joint swelling and tenderness, an overall score of pain, blood markers of inflammation, a questionnaire assessing physical function, and an ultrasound or MRI image.
CDAI is a composite score that takes into account the number of joints with tenderness, the number of joints with swelling, the patient's assessment of disease activity (0 to 10) and the physician's assessment of disease activity (0 to 10).
The day before the start of the study, the researchers again measured the patients' clinical parameters and instructed each on how to follow the diet and keep a daily food journal.
After 14 days, the subjects were evaluated based on measures of blood samples, clinical indicators, and dietary adherence.
Serum levels of oxolipids, a by-product of fatty acid metabolism, were measured by mass spectrometry.
A total of 17 women took part in the full trial.
■ Number of swollen joints and other arthritis symptoms before and after changing diet
After two weeks, patients had significantly improved DAS28 and CDAI scores.
The number of tender and swollen joints observed by doctors and felt by patients decreased, as did their fatigue, stress and joint stiffness.
Some pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory linoleic acid-derived oxolipids were significantly altered before and after dietary changes and correlated with DAS28 and CDAI scores.
■ Research defects
The study's drawback is that it wasn't a randomized, double-blind trial, so it's hard to determine how much placebo helps.
But there is no denying that the anti-inflammatory diet has played a complementary role in improving the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
These herbs and spices can relieve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
1
ginger
Ginger has been widely used in Asian medicine and cooking for centuries for its anti-inflammatory properties.
A study by researchers at the University of Dhaka in Bangladesh, published in the Journal of Arthritis, showed that ginger inhibits the production of inflammatory molecules known as leukotrienes, as well as prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that cause pain and inflammation.
People with rheumatoid arthritis can try stir-frying chicken or vegetables with chopped ginger, eating fresh pickled ginger, or adding grated ginger to soups.
2
thyme
Thyme is an aromatic herb with strong antioxidant capacity and has a long history as a flavoring.
In a study published in Pharmacognosy Letters, researchers at Griffith University in Australia showed that thyme has anti-inflammatory effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Patients can add a small handful of thyme or fresh leaves to meat, poultry, beans, tomatoes or scrambled eggs, or add it to soups and stews.
3
turmeric
In Indian and traditional Chinese medicine, turmeric is used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders.
In addition to having anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric and curcumin (the active ingredient in turmeric) also have analgesic effects, according to a study by researchers at Husai University in South Korea published in the Journal of Medicinal Foods.
Patients can add turmeric to soups, stews and curries.
Mix turmeric with black pepper to help your body absorb the yellow spice better.
4
Green tea
Green tea is rich in antioxidants called polyphenols, which help reduce inflammation and protect joints, thus reducing the severity of arthritis.
Researchers at Egypt's Ain Shams University reported in the International Journal of Rheumatology that green tea extract has stronger anti-inflammatory effects than black tea.
Patients can drink hot green tea, iced green tea, or matcha (made from the powder of ground green tea leaves) daily.
5
cinnamon
Iran, watts university school of medicine researchers published in the journal of the American dietetic association, according to research results on 36 female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) ate four a day, each contains 500 mg of cinnamon powder) capsule, for eight weeks, the number of C - reactive protein in their blood decreases obviously, the activity of disease is reduced, the decrease in the number of tenderness and swelling of the joints.
Patients can add cinnamon sticks (or powder) to oatmeal, smoothies, soups, stews, or teas.
It is important to note that consuming large amounts of this spice can interfere with blood clotting and the effectiveness of blood-thinning drugs.
6
garlic
Like leeks and Onions, garlic contains diallyldisulfide, an organic sulfur compound found in Allium, which is an anti-inflammatory compound that reduces the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Researchers from Yangzhou University Hospital published their findings in the Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology. They found that garlic reduced inflammation and reduced disease activity in rats with arthritis, which prevented their cartilage from being damaged.
Sufferers can slice or chop fresh garlic and add it to any dish to relieve pain.
7
Black pepper
Black pepper has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and stomach-protecting properties thanks to its active ingredient (piperine).
In a study published in the Journal of Arthritis Research and Treatment, researchers at Kyung Hee University in South Korea showed that taking piperine helped reduce symptoms of inflammation and pain in animals with arthritis.
Patients can use black pepper to taste any dish, including salads, soups and eggs.