The new rabies virus is basically a bat host. Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus pandemic, the study of pathogens in bats around the world has entered a new stage, and further advances the study of rabies virus in bats. This paper is a summary of the research results in this field, introduces the potential threat to public health posed by the new lysa virus, and puts forward some suggestions for future research.
This blog will introduce the main content of this article in succession.
Contents of this article:
Abstract

1. Introduction
2. The growing diversity of Lisha virus
3. Are Miniopterus bats the source of genetically diverse Lissa viruses?
4. Batlysa virus found in Lleida, France
5. West Caucasus bat virus found in Italy
6. Matlo Batlysa virus, Republic of South Africa
7. Bat host association analysis
8. Availability of a bat-lysa virus vaccine
9. Newly emerging Lisha virus
   Conclusion 10.
   reference
10. Increasing Diversity of Lisha virus (1)
    Lysha virus is classified in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Within The Genus Lyssavirus, The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has identified 17 distinct species of Lyssavirus. Based on genome sequences, they are classified as separate species, including: Aravan Lyssavirus (ARAV); Australian bat Lyssavirus (ABLV); Bokeloh bat Lyssavirus (BBLV); Duvenhage Lyssavirus (DUVV); European Bat 1 Lyssavirus (EBLV-1); European Bat 1 Lyssavirus (EBLV-2); Gannoruwa bat Lyssavirus (GBLV); Ikoma Lyssavirus (IKOV); Irkut Lyssavirus (IRKV); Khujand Lyssavirus (KHUV); Lagos bat Lyssavirus (LBV); Lleida bat Lyssavirus (LLEBV); Mokola Lyssavirus (MOKV); Rabies Lyssavirus (RABV, the most common classic Rabies virus); Shimoni bat Lyssavirus (SHIBV); Taiwan bat Lyssavirus (TWBLV); West Caucasian bat Lyssavirus (WCBV).
    Another novel lyssavirus virus, Kotalahti bat Lyssavirus (KBLV), was detected in a Species of Brandt’s mouse-eared bat (Myotis Brandtii) from Finland. There is also a potential novel Lyssavirus virus, tentatively named Matlo bat Lyssavirus (MBLV), two sequences of which have been reported but remain tentative until fully identified. In addition to classification by species, these viruses can be classified into distinct genetic lineages (phylogroups) based on genetics, using nucleoprotein genes, phylogenetic and antigenic data.
    At least two genetic lineages can be identified by phylogenetic topological analysis (Figure 1). The phylogenetic tree of genetic lineage I is divided into two main branches (branche), One clade includes species from the Palearctic and Indo-Malay regions (ARAV, BBLV, EBLV-2, KBLV, ABLV, GBLV and KHUV); The other branch is composed of EBLV-1, DUVV, IRKV and TWBLV. Genetic lineage II consists of African Lisha viruses: LBV, MOKVm and SHIBV. The most genetically differentiated Lysa viruses were provisionally classified into genetic lineage III and subdivided into two clades, which were collected from Europe to Africa, including WCBV-MBLV and Ikov-LleBV respectively.
    In terms of sequence similarity, the mean nucleotide sequence similarity of viral glycoprotein genes in genetic lineage II was the highest (71.5%), and that of viruses in genetic lineage I was 70.3%. The average nucleotide sequence similarity of the viruses preliminarily classified as genetic lineage III was 58.2%, indicating that these viruses were quite different. The mean nucleotide sequence similarity of viruses in genetic lineage III was lower than that of viruses in genetic lineage I and GENETIC lineage II (54.1% and 54.5%, respectively).
    Similar to evolutionary and genetic data, antigenic analysis has identified several antigenic groupings comparable to genetic lineages (Figure 1). The degree of differentiation in these genetic lineages can be used to predict the degree of cross-protection that existing rabies vaccines based on RABV, the most common classic rabies virus, may provide. Although different individuals have different immune responses to vaccines, it is generally believed that conserving viral neutralizing antibody (VNA) levels equal to or greater than 0.5 international units (IU/mL) are positively associated with serum transformation after RABV vaccination. With the exception of RABV, approved rabies vaccines appear to offer largely protective immunity against lyssa virus of genetic lineage I, with the least protection against IRKV. In conclusion, the level of VNA required for protection against non-RABV Lyssa viruses is unclear.